{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:23:49Z","timestamp":1777922629325,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,1]],"date-time":"2011-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1322697600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The emergence of infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, in particular\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    , has necessitated the search for alternative therapy by either introducing new agents or renewing interest in old agents. This study compares the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    activity of tigecycline (TIG), recently introduced to Egyptian market, to other potentially active antimicrobials as Colistin (COL), imipenem (IPM), levofloxacin (LEV), and piperacillin\/tazobactam (PIP\/TAZ) against 67 Gram-negative clinical isolates obtained from El- Meery Hospital in Alexandria, Egypt. El-Meery Hospital is a 1,500-bed tertiary teaching hospital where TIG has not been previously used. Based on MIC\n                    <jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub>\n                    s, TIG was found to be a comparator to IPM and COL (MIC\n                    <jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u20098\u2009\u03bcg\/ml). LEV and PIP\/TAZ were less active than TIG exhibiting high MIC\n                    <jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub>\n                    s. TIG inhibited 100% of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and 60% of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ps. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates. In time-kill studies against IPM-resistant isolates, TIG showed bactericidal activity after 6 hours of contact against the Enterobacteriaceae isolates and after 3 hours for the tested\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ps. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates at 4\u2009\u00d7 and 8\u2009\u00d7 MIC. Against\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                    , TIG exerted a bacteriostatic effect. TIG demonstrated variable ability to suppress biofilm formation affecting mainly\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates. These results point TIG to be a promising agent in treatment of infections caused by strains for which adequate therapy has been limited. As far as we know, this is the first report evaluating the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    activity of TIG against Egyptian clinical isolates.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2010.0195","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,29]],"date-time":"2011-08-29T12:05:38Z","timestamp":1314619538000},"page":"489-495","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["<i>In Vitro<\/i>\n                    Activity of Tigecycline and Comparators Against Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolated from a Tertiary Hospital in Alexandria, Egypt"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Nelly M.","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Alexandria University","place":["Egypt"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alaa A.F.","family":"Youssef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alexandria University","place":["Egypt"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.4.1035-1040.2000","article-title":"In vitro activities of nontraditional antimicrobials against multiresistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated in an intensive care unit outbreak","volume":"44","author":"Appleman M.D.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Appleman M.D., , Belzberg H., , Citron D.M., , Heseltine P.N., , Yellin A.E., , Murray J., , Berne T.V. 2000. In vitro activities of nontraditional antimicrobials against multiresistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated in an intensive care unit outbreak. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 44:1035\u20131040.","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.3.892-895.2002","article-title":"In vitro activities of tigecycline (GAR-936) against recently isolated clinical bacteria in Spain","volume":"46","author":"Betriu C.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Betriu C., , Rodriguez-Avial I., , Sanchez B.A., , Gomez M., , Alvarez J., , Picazo J.J. 2002. In vitro activities of tigecycline (GAR-936) against recently isolated clinical bacteria in Spain. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 46:892\u2013895.","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.9.3903-3909.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dki175"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","volume-title":"Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically: approved standard M7-A7","author":"CLSI","year":"2006","unstructured":"CLSI. 2006. Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically: approved standard M7-A7. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute: Wayne, PA."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.3.972-978.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.185.9.2879-2886.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2008.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevImmunol.v30.i1.60","article-title":"The global problem of antibiotic resistance","volume":"30","author":"Gootz T.D.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gootz T.D. 2010. The global problem of antibiotic resistance. Crit. Rev. Immunol, 30:79\u201393.","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.10.5085-5090.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.11.2966"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/49.1.69","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibilities among clinical isolates of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in a Taiwanese University Hospital","volume":"49","author":"Jean S.S.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jean S.S., , Teng L.J., , Hsueh P.R., , Ho S.W., , Luh K.T. 2002. Antimicrobial susceptibilities among clinical isolates of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in a Taiwanese University Hospital. J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 49:69\u201376.","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkn165"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkn311"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00006-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkm129"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1086\/605409","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in Gram-negative pathogens: crafting the tools necessary to navigate the long ascent out of the abyss","volume":"200","author":"Lautenbach E.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lautenbach E. 2009. Antimicrobial resistance in Gram-negative pathogens: crafting the tools necessary to navigate the long ascent out of the abyss. J. Infect. Dis., 200:838\u2013840.","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.4.999-1007.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00103-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dki291"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp255"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2005.058"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S21","DOI":"10.1016\/0924-8579(94)90018-3","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of fleroxacin, ampicillin, trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole, and gentamicin as treatments of catheter-associated urinary tract infection in a rabbit model","volume":"4","author":"Morck D.W.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Morck D.W., , Lam K., , McKay S.G., , Olson M.E., , Prosser B., , Ellis B.D., , Cleeland R., , Costerton J.W. 1994. Comparative evaluation of fleroxacin, ampicillin, trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole, and gentamicin as treatments of catheter-associated urinary tract infection in a rabbit model. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents., 4,Suppl 2:S21\u2013S27.","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2010.110","article-title":"A 96-well-plate-based optical method for the quantitative and qualitative evaluation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation and its application to susceptibility testing","volume":"5","author":"M\u00fcsken M.","year":"2010","unstructured":"M\u00fcsken M., , Di Fiore S., , R\u00f6mling U., , H\u00e4ussler S. 2010. A 96-well-plate-based optical method for the quantitative and qualitative evaluation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation and its application to susceptibility testing. Nat. Protoc., 5:1460\u20131469.","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkm018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl512"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4479","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.11.4479-4481.2004","article-title":"Activity of tigecycline (GAR-936) against Acinetobacter baumannii strains, including those resistant to imipenem","volume":"48","author":"Pachon-Ibanez M.E.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pachon-Ibanez M.E., , Jimenez-Mejias M.E., , Pichardo C., , Llanos A.C., , Pachon J. 2004. Activity of tigecycline (GAR-936) against Acinetobacter baumannii strains, including those resistant to imipenem. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 48:4479\u20134481.","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dki248","article-title":"Tigecycline","volume":"56","author":"Pankey G.A.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pankey G.A. 2005. Tigecycline. J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 56:470\u2013480.","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00813-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl354"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl383"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00322-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.13.47.19045-en"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S64","DOI":"10.1086\/319378","article-title":"Clinical perspectives on new antimicrobials: focus on fluoroquinolones","volume":"32","author":"Talan D.A.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Talan D.A. 2001. Clinical perspectives on new antimicrobials: focus on fluoroquinolones. Clin. Infect. Dis., 32,Suppl 1:S64\u2013S71.","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","first-page":"176","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections: the emerging threat and potential novel treatment options","volume":"9","author":"Vergidis P.I.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vergidis P.I., , Falagas M.E. 2008. Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections: the emerging threat and potential novel treatment options. Curr. Opin. Investig. Drugs., 9:176\u2013183.","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Investig. Drugs."}],"container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/mdr.2010.0195","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/mdr.2010.0195","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/mdr.2010.0195","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:26:14Z","timestamp":1777667174000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1089\/mdr.2010.0195"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/mdr.2010.0195"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/mdr.2010.0195","relation":{},"ISSN":["1076-6294","1931-8448"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1076-6294","type":"print"},{"value":"1931-8448","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]}}}