{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T10:43:03Z","timestamp":1784198583457,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]],"date-time":"2012-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1328054400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    An increased incidence of enrofloxacin-resistant\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    associated with septicemic colibacillosis in calves was observed recently in northern Italy. The aim of this study was to investigate this phenomenon. A total of 47 consecutive\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates exhibiting reduced susceptibility to enrofloxacin (intermediately resistant or resistant) causing septicemic colibacillosis in calves from 45 large-scale farms during 2006\u20132008, were studied. Phylogenetic group, antimicrobial agents susceptibility, and O serogroup were determined with randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing, providing additional discrimination. All of the microorganisms carried resistance to two or more additional drugs, with the pattern fluoroquinolone\u2013ampicillin\u2013co-trimoxazole\u2013tetracycline\u2013gentamicin\u2013thiamphenicol being the most represented (18\/47; 38.3%). Plasmid-mediated extended-spectrum and AmpC \u03b2-lactamases and plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone resistance genetic determinants were not detected. Third-generation cephalosporins emerged as the most active antimicrobial agents tested (97.9% of susceptible strains). Overall, 37 different RAPD profiles and 18 different O serogroups could be distinguished among the typeable strains, indicating a substantial heterogeneity and suggesting the occurrence of several independent selection events. However, approximately one-fourth (11\/47) of the strains belonged to serogroup O78, and PFGE revealed that the great majority (7\/11) of these were clonally related, indicating the selection of a O78 clonal group. This is the first report investigating the molecular epidemiology of fluoroquinolone-resistant\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    in calves and describing the emergence of a fluoroquinolone-resistant\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    clonal group in these animals.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2011.0053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,24]],"date-time":"2011-10-24T11:08:09Z","timestamp":1319454489000},"page":"94-99","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Characterization of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    Causing Septicemic Colibacillosis in Calves in Italy: Emergence of a Multiresistant O78 Clonal Group"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Marchese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Genoa","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Coppo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Genoa","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramona","family":"Barbieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Genoa","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Zoppi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d'Aosta (IZS PLVA)","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Pruzzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Genoa","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d'Aosta (IZS PLVA)","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Bergagna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d'Aosta (IZS PLVA)","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Dondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d'Aosta (IZS PLVA)","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugenio","family":"Debbia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Genoa","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1097(03)00295-7","article-title":"Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of Escherichia coli O78 strains","volume":"222","author":"Adiri R.S.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Adiri R.S., , Gophna U., , Ron E.Z. 2003. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of Escherichia coli O78 strains. FEMS Microbiol Lett., 222:199\u2013203.","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.12.5849-5853.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","first-page":"27","volume-title":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Lazio e Toscana","author":"Battisti A","year":"2003","unstructured":"Battisti A, , Franco A., , Busani L. 2003. Italian Veterinary Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring (ITAVARM) First Report. Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Lazio e Toscana. National Reference Center for Antimicrobial Resistance: Italy. Rome, Italy, 27\u201331."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","first-page":"733","article-title":"Survey of the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice (KAP) of Italian beef and dairy cattle veterinarians concerning the use of antibiotics","volume":"155","author":"Busani L.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Busani L., , Graziani C., , Franco A., , Di Egidio A., , Binkin N., , Battisti A. 2004. Survey of the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice (KAP) of Italian beef and dairy cattle veterinarians concerning the use of antibiotics. Vet. Rec., 155:733\u2013738.","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00640-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/45.6.783","article-title":"Analysis of the effects of \u221242 and \u221232 ampC promoter mutations in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli hyperproducing AmpC","volume":"45","author":"Caroff N.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Caroff N., , Espaze E., , Gautreau D., , Richet H., , Reynaud A. 2000. Analysis of the effects of \u221242 and \u221232 ampC promoter mutations in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli hyperproducing AmpC. J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 45:783\u2013788.","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","unstructured":"Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). 2010a. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; twentieth Informational Supplement. M100\u2013S202010CLSI: Wayne PA."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","unstructured":"Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). 2010b. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk \\and Dilution Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria isolated from AnimalsApproved Standard Third EditionM31\u2013A32010CLSI: Wayne PA."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02421-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq004","article-title":"Emergence of human pandemic O25:H4-ST131 CTX-M-15 extended-spectrum-{beta}-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli among companion animals","volume":"65","author":"Ewers C.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ewers C., , Grobbel M., , Stamm I., , Kopp P.A., , Diehl I., , Semmler T., , Fruth A., , Beutlich J., , Guerra B., , Wieler L.H., , Guenther S. 2010. Emergence of human pandemic O25:H4-ST131 CTX-M-15 extended-spectrum-{beta}-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli among companion animals. J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 65:651\u2013660.","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.200400063","article-title":"Molecular characteristics of Escherichia coli serogroup O78 strains isolated from diarrheal cases in bovines urge further investigations on their zoonotic potential","volume":"48","author":"Ewers C.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ewers C., , Sch\u00fcffner C., , Weiss R., , Baljer G., , Wieler L.H. 2004. Molecular characteristics of Escherichia coli serogroup O78 strains isolated from diarrheal cases in bovines urge further investigations on their zoonotic potential. Mol. Nutr. Food Res., 48:504\u2013514.","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. 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