{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:23:56Z","timestamp":1777922636124,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]],"date-time":"2012-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1328054400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases (ESBL) are plasmid-mediated enzymes that hydrolyze cephalosporins and monobactams. The lack of a standard method to detect ESBL in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Enterobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. has led to underestimating its frequency. The aim of this study was to evaluate ESBL detection in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Enterobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. By the double-disk synergy test (DDST) and combined disk test (CDT) assay using cefepime, cefotaxime, and ceftazime as substrates for ESBL, plus AmpC inhibitors in different associations. A total of 83\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Enterobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. ESBL and 31 non-ESBL\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Enterobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. were tested, and a cutoff point \u22653\u2009mm was defined using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for combined disc methods. All tests showed 100% specificity. The sensitivity was 89.2% for DDST and CDT without AmpC inibitor, 90.4% in the combined disc test in Mueller\u2013Hinton agar containing phenylboronic acid (CDT-PBAA), and 94% in the combined disc test in Mueller\u2013Hinton agar containing cloxacillin (CDT-CLXA). Cefepime was the best substrate, mainly when AmpC inhibitors were not used. However, superior results were achieved when all cephalosporins were evaluated together. In conclusion, to improve ESBL detection in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Enterobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp., some modifications in phenotypic tests are needed, such as to reduce the distance between the discs to 20\u2009mm in DDST, to use a cutoff point for \u22653\u2009mm on the CDT, and to include a cefepime disk or an inhibitor of AmpC in all tests.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2011.0055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,1]],"date-time":"2011-11-01T12:01:40Z","timestamp":1320148900000},"page":"66-70","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Detection of Extended-Spectrum \u03b2-Lactamase in\n                    <i>Enterobacter<\/i>\n                    spp.\u2013 Evaluation of Six Phenotypic Tests"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Keite da Silva","family":"Nogueira-Miranda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1 (UFPR)","place":["Brazil"]},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas da UFPR","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jussara Kasuko","family":"Palmeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1 (UFPR)","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danieli","family":"Conte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Curso de farm\u00e1cia da UFPR","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernanda Valverde","family":"Maia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Curso de farm\u00e1cia da UFPR","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iara Taborda de Messias","family":"Reason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1 (UFPR)","place":["Brazil"]},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas da UFPR","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina Leise","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitologia e Patologia da UFPR","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Libera Maria","family":"Dalla-Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1 (UFPR)","place":["Brazil"]},{"name":"Faculdades Pequeno Pr\u00edncipe\u2013Instituto de Pesquisa Pel\u00e9 Pequeno Pr\u00edncipe (FPP\/IPPPP)","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3061","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.11.3061-3068.2000","article-title":"A novel class A extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (BES-1) in Serratia marcescens isolated in Brazil","volume":"44","author":"Bonnet R.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bonnet R., , Sampaio J.L.M., , Chanal C., , Sirot D., , De Champs C., , Viallard J.L., , Labia R., , Sirot J. 2000. A novel class A extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (BES-1) in Serratia marcescens isolated in Brazil. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 44:3061\u20133068.","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","volume-title":"Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Twenty-First Informational Supplement","author":"Clinical, Laboratory Standards Institute","year":"2011","unstructured":"Clinical, Laboratory Standards Institute. 2011. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Twenty-First Informational SupplementCLSI document M100-S21CLSI: Wayne, PA."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","volume-title":"Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility Tests, approved standard","author":"Clinical, Laboratory Standards Institute","year":"2009","unstructured":"Clinical, Laboratory Standards Institute. 2009. 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