{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:23:55Z","timestamp":1777922635467,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,1]],"date-time":"2011-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1322697600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    produces virulence factors, including various exotoxins and adhesins, which are associated with a variety of symptoms caused by its infections. In the present study, the prevalence of these virulence factors was analyzed for 23\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains isolated from wound infections in hospitals, nasal swabs, or vomit from patients and cooks in a food poisoning case and from healthy adults in Yangon, Myanmar. Among these strains, five were methicillin-resistant\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (MRSA) derived from pus (four strains, SCC\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mec<\/jats:italic>\n                    III, ST239) and a healthy adult (one strain, SCC\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mec<\/jats:italic>\n                    -IVa, ST5). The Panton-Valentine leukocidine (PVL) gene was detected in five methicillin-susceptible\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (MSSA) clinical strains belonging to ST121 (CC121). The MRSA clinical strains had only a few or no staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) genes, whereas PVL-positive MSSA and an MRSA strain from a healthy adult possessed an enterotoxin gene cluster (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">seg<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">sei<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">sem<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">sen<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">seo<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">selu<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). Strains from the food poisoning case had either SE genes or only\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">etd<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">edin-B<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Adhesin genes, which are associated with binding to fibronectin, fibrinogen, and elastin, were detected in all the MRSA and most of the MSSA strains examined. However, the bone sialoprotein-binding protein gene (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bbp<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and the variant form of the elastin-binding protein gene (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ebpS-v<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) with an internal 180\u2009bp deletion were identified only in the MSSA strains harboring the PVL gene. These findings suggest that those genetic traits are characteristic of PVL-positive ST121\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains in Myanmar.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2011.0061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,11]],"date-time":"2011-08-11T11:33:00Z","timestamp":1313062380000},"page":"525-535","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Virulence Factors and Genetic Characteristics of Methicillin-Resistant and -Susceptible\n                    <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>\n                    Isolates in Myanmar"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Meiji Soe","family":"Aung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health Laboratory","place":["Myanmar"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noriko","family":"Urushibara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mitsuyo","family":"Kawaguchiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tin Sabai","family":"Aung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health Laboratory","place":["Myanmar"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"San","family":"Mya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health Laboratory","place":["Myanmar"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thidar","family":"San","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health Laboratory","place":["Myanmar"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khin Myat","family":"Nwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health Laboratory","place":["Myanmar"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nobumichi","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2008.393","article-title":"Genetic characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolates carrying Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes in Bangladesh","volume":"61","author":"Afroz S.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Afroz S., , Kobayashi N., , Nagashima S., , Alam M.M., , Hossain A.B., , Rahman M.A., , Islam M.R., , Lutfor A.B., , Muazzam N., , Khan M.A., , Paul S.K., , Shamsuzzaman A.K., , Mahmud M.C., , Musa A.K., , Hossain M.A. 2008. Genetic characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolates carrying Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes in Bangladesh. Jpn. J. Infect. Dis., 61:393\u2013396.","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5150","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.10.5150-5157.2005","article-title":"Comparison of genetic backgrounds of methicillin-resistant and -susceptible Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Portuguese hospitals and the community","volume":"43","author":"Aires de Sousa M.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Aires de Sousa M., , Concei\u00e7\u00e3o T., , Simas C., , de Lencastre H. 2005. Comparison of genetic backgrounds of methicillin-resistant and -susceptible Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Portuguese hospitals and the community. J. Clin. Microbiol., 43:5150\u20135157.","journal-title":"J. Clin. 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