{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:50:10Z","timestamp":1791237010729,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,1]],"date-time":"2012-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1333238400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The aminoglycosides amikacin (AMK)\/kanamycin (KAN) and the cyclic polypeptide capreomycin (CAP) are important injectable drugs in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Cross-resistance among these drug classes occurs and information on the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), above the normal wild-type distribution, may be useful in identifying isolates that are still accessible to drug treatment. Isolates from the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa were subjected to DNA sequencing of the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">rrs<\/jats:italic>\n                    (1400\u20131500 region) and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tlyA<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes. Sequencing data were compared with (i) conventional susceptibility testing at standard critical concentrations (CCs) on Middlebrook 7H11 agar and (ii) MGIT 960-based MIC determinations to assess the presence of AMK- and CAP-resistant mutants. Isolates with an\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">rrs<\/jats:italic>\n                    A1401G mutation showed high-level resistance to AMK (&gt;20\u2009mg\/L) and decreased phenotypic susceptibility to CAP (MICs 10\u201315\u2009mg\/L). The MICs of CAP were below the bioavailability of the drug, which suggests that it may still be effective against multi- or extensively drug resistant tuberculosis [M(X)DR-TB]. Agar-based CC testing was found to be unreliable for resistance recognition of CAP in particular.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2011.0063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,6]],"date-time":"2011-07-06T10:34:52Z","timestamp":1309948492000},"page":"193-197","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Mutations in the\n                    <i>rrs<\/i>\n                    A1401G Gene and Phenotypic Resistance to Amikacin and Capreomycin in\n                    <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Frederick A.","family":"Sirgel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stellenbosch University","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marisa","family":"Tait","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stellenbosch University","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin M.","family":"Warren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stellenbosch University","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth M.","family":"Streicher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stellenbosch University","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik C.","family":"B\u00f6ttger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Zurich","place":["Switzerland"]},{"name":"University of Zurich","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul D.","family":"van Helden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stellenbosch University","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolaas C.","family":"Gey van Pittius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stellenbosch University","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerrit","family":"Coetzee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuberculosis Research Unit","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ebrahim Y.","family":"Hoosain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamisa","family":"Chabula-Nxiweni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cindy","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health Laboratory Services","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas C.","family":"Victor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stellenbosch University","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Trollip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stellenbosch University","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.5.1295","article-title":"Mechanisms of resistance to amikacin and kanamycin in Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"42","author":"Alangadan G.J.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Alangadan G.J., , Kreiswirth B.N., , Aouad A., , Khetarpal M., , Igno F.R., , Moghazeh S.L., , Manavathu E.K., , Lerner S.A. 1998. Mechanisms of resistance to amikacin and kanamycin in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother., 42:1295\u20131297.","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S1472-9792(08)70004-0","article-title":"Capreomycin","volume":"88","author":"Anonymous","year":"2008","unstructured":"Anonymous. 2008. Capreomycin. Tuberculosis, 88:89\u201391.","journal-title":"Tuberculosis"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e328319bce6","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: a review","volume":"21","author":"Chan E.D.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chan E.D., , Iseman M.D. 2008. Multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: a review. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis., 21:587\u2013595.","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr109","article-title":"Comparison of clinical isolates and in vitro selected mutants reveals that tlyA is not a sensitive genetic marker for capreomycin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"66","author":"Engstr\u00f6m A.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Engstr\u00f6m A., , Perskvist N., , Werngren J., , Hoffner S.V., , Jur\u00e9en P. 2011. Comparison of clinical isolates and in vitro selected mutants reveals that tlyA is not a sensitive genetic marker for capreomycin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 66:1247\u20131254.","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3353","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00050-09","article-title":"Sequence analyses of just four genes to detect extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients undergoing treatment","volume":"53","author":"Feuerriegel S.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Feuerriegel S., , Cox H.S., , Zarkua N., , Karimovich H.A., , Braker K., , R\u00fcsch-Gerdes S., , Stefan Niemann. 2009. Sequence analyses of just four genes to detect extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients undergoing treatment. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 53:3353\u20133356.","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69573-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","first-page":"49","volume-title":"Tuberculosis and the Tubercle Bacillus. 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Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3192","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.8.3192-3197.2005","article-title":"Molecular analysis of cross-resistance to capreomycin, kanamycin, amikacin, and viomycin in Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"49","author":"Maus C.E.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Maus C.E., , Plikaytis B.B., , Shinnick T.M. 2005. Molecular analysis of cross-resistance to capreomycin, kanamycin, amikacin, and viomycin in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 49:3192\u20133197.","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.2.571-577.2005","article-title":"Mutation of tlyA confers capreomycin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"49","author":"Maus C.E.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Maus C.E., , Plikaytis B.B., , Shinnick T.M. 2005. Mutation of tlyA confers capreomycin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 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