{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:24:05Z","timestamp":1777922645014,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,1]],"date-time":"2012-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1333238400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    is the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, a severe and highly contagious respiratory disease responsible for economic losses in the swine industry worldwide. Although antimicrobial resistance in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. pleuropneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    has been recently reported in different countries, the current situation in Canada is unknown. The aim of the current study was to determine the antimicrobial susceptibilities of 43 strains of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. pleuropneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolated in Canada. In addition, antimicrobial resistance genes were detected with an oligonucleotide microarray. The impact of biofilm formation on susceptibility to antimicrobials was also evaluated. All isolates were susceptible to ceftiofur, florfenicol, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, clindamycin, trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole, and tilmicosin. A low level of resistance was observed toward tiamulin, penicillin, and ampicillin as well as danofloxacin. We observed a high level of resistance to chlortetracycline (88.4%) and oxytetracycline (90.7%). The strains showing resistance to tetracycline antimicrobials contained at least one of the following\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tet<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes:\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tetB<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tetO<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tetH<\/jats:italic>\n                    , or\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tetC<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Five isolates showed multiresistance to penicillins (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>ROB-1<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), streptomycin [\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">aph3\u2032\u2032 (strA)<\/jats:italic>\n                    ], sulfonamides (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">sulII<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), and tetracyclines (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tetO<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) antimicrobials whereas three others showed multiresistance to streptomycin [\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">aph3\u2032\u2032 (strA)<\/jats:italic>\n                    ], sulfonamides (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">sulII<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), and tetracyclines (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tetB<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tetO<\/jats:italic>\n                    , or\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tetB\/tetH<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) antimicrobials. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tetC<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pasteurellaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Finally, cells of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. pleuropneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    in a biofilm were 100 to 30,000 times more resistant to antimicrobials than their planktonic counterparts.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2011.0150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,28]],"date-time":"2011-12-28T09:08:10Z","timestamp":1325063290000},"page":"198-206","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Antimicrobial Susceptibilities and Resistance Genes of Canadian Isolates of\n                    <i>Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Marie","family":"Archambault","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9e","family":"Harel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Gour\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yannick D.N.","family":"Tremblay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Jacques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1466252308001503"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(97)00119-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.57.757","article-title":"Serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolated from piglets with pleuropneumonia","volume":"57","author":"Asawa T.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Asawa T., , Kobayashi H., , Mitani K., , Ito N., , Morozumi T. 1995. Serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolated from piglets with pleuropneumonia. J. Vet. Med. Sci., 57:757\u2013759.","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(01)00428-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.50.2.702-708.2006","article-title":"Distribution of tetracycline resistance genes in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolates from Spain","volume":"50","author":"Blanco M.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Blanco M., , Gutierrez-Martin C.B., , Rodriguez-Ferri E.F., , Roberts M.C., , Navas J. 2006. Distribution of tetracycline resistance genes in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolates from Spain. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 50:702\u2013708.","journal-title":"Antimicrob. 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