{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:58:36Z","timestamp":1791298716519,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,1]],"date-time":"2012-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1349049600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    We examined the prevalence and diversity of carbapenem-resistant bacteria (CRB) in untreated drinking water. Prevalence was estimated in plate count agar (PCA) and R2A media with or without antibiotics. Clonal relatedness of isolates was established by repetitive extragenic palindroitic (REP)-PCR. Phylogeny was based on the 16S rRNA gene. Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed by disc diffusion methods. Genes encoding beta-lactamases and integrases were inspected by PCR. CRB ranged from 0.02% to 15.9% of cultivable bacteria, while ampicillin-resistant bacteria ranged from 1.5% to 31.4%. Carbapenem-resistant isolates affiliated with genera\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Stenotrophomonas<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Janthinobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Chryseobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Sphingobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Acidovorax<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Caulobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Cupriavidus,<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Sphingomonas<\/jats:italic>\n                    . CRB were highly resistant to beta-lactams, but mostly susceptible to other classes. Transmissible beta-lactamase genes and integrase genes were not detected. The genus-specific\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>L1<\/jats:sub>\n                    was detected in 61% of the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Stenotrophomonas<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates. Contrarily to what has been reported for extensively used antibiotics, low levels of carbapenem resistance were detected in untreated drinking water, often represented by intrinsically resistant genera. Production of chromosomal-encoded carbapenemases was the prevalent carbapenem resistance mechanism. Results suggest that the dissemination of anthropogenic-derived carbapenem resistance is at an early stage. This presents an opportunity to rationally develop monitoring strategies to identify dissemination routes and assess the impact of human actions in the environmental resistome.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2012.0029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,5]],"date-time":"2012-06-05T01:49:45Z","timestamp":1338860985000},"page":"531-537","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Prevalence and Diversity of Carbapenem-Resistant Bacteria in Untreated Drinking Water in Portugal"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Isabel S.","family":"Henriques","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Aveiro","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"University of Aveiro","place":["Portugal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Aveiro","place":["Portugal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliana S.N.","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Aveiro","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"University of Aveiro","place":["Portugal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta Salgueiro","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Aveiro","place":["Portugal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chedly","family":"Chouchani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Carthage","place":["Tunisia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anabela","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Aveiro","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"University of Aveiro","place":["Portugal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Aveiro","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"University of Aveiro","place":["Portugal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.17.3389"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.2.413-419.2001","article-title":"Plasmid location and molecular heterogeneity of the L1 and L2 beta-lactamase genes of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia","volume":"45","author":"Avison M.B.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Avison M.B., , Higgins C.S., , von Heldreich C.J., , Bennett P.M., , Walsh T.R. 2001. 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