{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:24:21Z","timestamp":1777922661584,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,1]],"date-time":"2013-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1359676800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    CTX-M-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    have been previously reported in Venezuela. We assessed the frequency and diversity of CTX-M enzymes among 97 ESBL-producing\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates as well as to establish the genetic relationship among CTX-M producers collected from six hospitals in Caracas. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays identified the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n                    genes in 42 isolates (43.3%). The bla\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M-1<\/jats:sub>\n                    group was the most common in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    (91 %) and the bla\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M-2<\/jats:sub>\n                    in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    (56.6%). Presence of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M-1<\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M-2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M-15<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M-14<\/jats:sub>\n                    was revealed by sequencing analysis. The CTX-M producers were mainly isolated from urine samples (46%). Antimicrobial susceptibility tests showed that a high proportion of CTX-M-producing isolates was resistant to ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Analysis of enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR and repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR profiles revealed several genetic clusters between isolates carrying the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M-1<\/jats:sub>\n                    group, while complete genotypic diversity among isolates carrying the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M-2<\/jats:sub>\n                    group was observed. This study documented that CTX-M has achieved a citywide distribution, with the CTX-M-1 group as the most frequent (66.7%). The CTX-M clusters detected suggest that patient\u2013patient transmission may have played an important role in the widespread and high prevalence of the CTX-M-1 group. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the CTX-M-15 in Venezuela.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2012.0079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,15]],"date-time":"2012-10-15T09:25:42Z","timestamp":1350293142000},"page":"42-47","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Frequency and Diversity of CTX-M Enzymes Among Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing\n                    <i>Enterobacteriaceae<\/i>\n                    Isolates from Caracas, Venezuela"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Carlos","family":"Redondo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Central de Venezuela","place":["Venezuela"]},{"name":"Universidad Central de Venezuela","place":["Venezuela"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Chalbaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Central de Venezuela","place":["Venezuela"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guillermina","family":"Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Central de Venezuela","place":["Venezuela"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.1.1-14.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkg256"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2006.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl055","article-title":"Spread of bla(CTX-M-type) and bla(PER-2) beta-lactamase genes in clinical isolates from Bolivian hospitals","volume":"57","author":"Celenza G.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Celenza G., , Pellegrini C., , Caccamo M., , Segatore B., , amicosante G., , Perilli M. 2006. Spread of bla(CTX-M-type) and bla(PER-2) beta-lactamase genes in clinical isolates from Bolivian hospitals. J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 57:975\u2013978.","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2010.0008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","unstructured":"[CLSI] Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute. 2008. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing 18th Informational Supplement CLSI document M100-S18 CLSI. Wayne PA."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.4.1249-1255.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.12.3724-3732.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","first-page":"419","article-title":"Characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in nosocomial strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"50","author":"Guzman M.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Guzman M., , Alonso G. 2009. Characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in nosocomial strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Invest. Clin., 50:419\u2013431.","journal-title":"Invest. Clin."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2007.01855.x","article-title":"Prevalence and clonality of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in Asia","volume":"14","author":"Hawkey P.M.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hawkey P.M. 2008. Prevalence and clonality of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in Asia. Clin. Microbial. Infect., 14:159\u2013165.","journal-title":"Clin. Microbial. Infect."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp256"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkn311"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp382","article-title":"Dominance of CTX-M-2 and CTX-M-56 among extended-spectrum beta-lactamases produced by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli isolated in hospitals in Paraguay","volume":"64","author":"Khan M.A.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Khan M.A., , Lemmens N., , Riera E., , Blonk T., , Goedhart J., , Van Belkum A., , Goessens W., , Hays J.P., , Van Westreenen M. 2009. Dominance of CTX-M-2 and CTX-M-56 among extended-spectrum beta-lactamases produced by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli isolated in hospitals in Paraguay. J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 64:1330\u20131332.","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00171-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl483"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","first-page":"529","article-title":"Frequency of enzymes associated with reduced sensitivity to beta-lactam antibiotics in enterobacteria isolates, Caracas, Venezuela","volume":"30","author":"Marcano D.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Marcano D., , De Jesus A., , Hernandez L., , Torres L. 2011. Frequency of enzymes associated with reduced sensitivity to beta-lactam antibiotics in enterobacteria isolates, Caracas, Venezuela. Rev. Panam. Salud Publica., 30:529\u2013534.","journal-title":"Rev. Panam. Salud Publica."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2720","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00026-07","article-title":"Rapid dissemination and diversity of CTX-M extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes in commensal Escherichia coli Isolates from Healthy Children from low-resource settings in Latin America","volume":"51","author":"Pallecchi L.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pallecchi L., , Bartoloni A., , Fiorelli C., , Mantella A., , Di Maggio T. 2007. Rapid dissemination and diversity of CTX-M extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes in commensal Escherichia coli Isolates from Healthy Children from low-resource settings in Latin America. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 51:2720\u20132725.","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2846","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00247-09","article-title":"Molecular characteristics of extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolates causing bacteremia in the Calgary Health Region from 2000 to 2007: Emergence of clone ST131 as a cause of community-acquired infections","volume":"53","author":"Pitout J.D.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pitout J.D., , Gregson D.B., , Campbell L., , Laupland K.L. 2009. Molecular characteristics of extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolates causing bacteremia in the Calgary Health Region from 2000 to 2007: Emergence of clone ST131 as a cause of community-acquired infections. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 53:2846\u20132851.","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.12.5715-5721.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(08)70041-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkf240","article-title":"Biochemical analysis of the ceftazidime-hydrolysing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase CTX-M-15 and of its structurally related beta-lactamase CTX-M-3","volume":"50","author":"Poirel L.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Poirel L., , Gniadkowski M., , Nordmann P. 2002. Biochemical analysis of the ceftazidime-hydrolysing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase CTX-M-15 and of its structurally related beta-lactamase CTX-M-3. J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 50:1031\u20131034.","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2864","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.9.2864-2867.2003","article-title":"Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae in Buenos Aires, Argentina, public hospitals","volume":"47","author":"Quinteros M.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Quinteros M., , Radice M., , Gardella N., , Rodriguez M.M., , Costa N., , Korbenfeld D., , Couto E., , Gutkind G. Microbiology Study Group. 2003. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae in Buenos Aires, Argentina, public hospitals. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 47:2864\u20132867.","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1086\/508877","article-title":"Bacteremia due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in the CTX-M era: a new clinical challenge","volume":"43","author":"Rodriguez-Ba\u00f1o J.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rodriguez-Ba\u00f1o J., , Navarro M.D., , Romero L., , Muniain M.A., , De cueto M., , Rios M.J., , Hernandez J.R., , Pascual A. 2006. Bacteremia due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in the CTX-M era: a new clinical challenge. Clin. Infect. Dis., 43:1407\u20131414.","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.6.5.671"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1993","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00045-11","article-title":"First characterization of CTX-M-15-producing Escherichia coli ST131 and ST405 clones causing community-onset infections in South America","volume":"49","author":"Ruiz S.J.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ruiz S.J., , Montealegre M.C., , Ruiz-Garbajosa P., , Correa A., , Brice\u00f1o D.F., , Martinez E., , Rosso F., , Mu\u00f1oz M., , Quinn J.P., , Cant\u00f3n R., , Villegas M.V. 2011. First characterization of CTX-M-15-producing Escherichia coli ST131 and ST405 clones causing community-onset infections in South America. J. Clin. Microbiol., 49:1993\u20131996.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","first-page":"190","article-title":"Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae isolated in Health Centers of Caracas","volume":"26","author":"Torres L.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Torres L., , Gagliotta V., , Torres O., , Ben\u00edtez M., , Dom\u00ednguez M., , Pedroza R. 2006. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae isolated in Health Centers of Caracas. Rev. Soc. Ven. Microbiol., 26:190\u2013205.","journal-title":"Rev. Soc. Ven. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.44.5.1919-1920.2006","article-title":"Detection of CTX-M-1, CTX-M-15 and CTX-M-2 in clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae in Bogot\u00e1, Colombia","volume":"44","author":"Valenzuela de Silva E.M.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Valenzuela de Silva E.M., , Mantilla J.R., , Reguero Reza M.T, , Gonzalez E.B, , Pulido I.Y., , Dario Llerena I., , Velandia D. 2006. Detection of CTX-M-1, CTX-M-15 and CTX-M-2 in clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae in Bogot\u00e1, Colombia. J. Clin. Microbiol., 44:1919\u20131920.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/19.24.6823"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2007.01869.x","article-title":"Prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in South America","volume":"14","author":"Villegas M.V.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Villegas M.V., , Kattan J.N., , Quinteros M.G., , Casellas J.M. 2008. Prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in South America. Clin. Microbiol. Infect., 14:154\u2013158.","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","first-page":"213","volume-title":"In Color Atlas and Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology","author":"Winn W.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Winn W., , Allen S., , Janda W., , Koneman E., , Gary P., , Schreckenberger P., , Woods G. 2006. The Enterobacteriaceae. In Color Atlas and Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology, 6th. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: Philadelphia, 213\u2013277.","edition":"6"}],"container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/mdr.2012.0079","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/mdr.2012.0079","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/mdr.2012.0079","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:27:14Z","timestamp":1777667234000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1089\/mdr.2012.0079"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/mdr.2012.0079"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/mdr.2012.0079","relation":{},"ISSN":["1076-6294","1931-8448"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1076-6294","type":"print"},{"value":"1931-8448","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]}}}