{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T09:15:50Z","timestamp":1790241350561,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":159,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]],"date-time":"2013-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1364774400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria reflects both, a gradual, completely Darwinian evolution, which mostly yields slight decreases in antibiotic susceptibility, along with phenotypes that are not precisely characterized as \u201cresistance\u201d; and sudden changes, from full susceptibility to full resistance, which are driven by a vast array of horizontal gene transfer mechanisms. Antibiotics select for more than just antibiotic resistance (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">i.e.,<\/jats:italic>\n                    increased virulence and enhanced gene exchange abilities); and many non-antibiotic agents or conditions select for or maintain antibiotic resistance traits as a result of a complex network of underlying and often overlapping mechanisms. Thus, the development of new antibiotics and thoughtful, integrated anti-infective strategies is needed to address the immediate and long-term threat of antibiotic resistance. Since the biology of resistance is complex, these new drugs and strategies will not come from free-market forces, or from \u201cincentives\u201d for pharmaceutical companies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2012.0115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,9]],"date-time":"2012-10-09T09:11:29Z","timestamp":1349773889000},"page":"73-87","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Antibiotic Resistance: From Darwin to Lederberg to Keynes"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Carlos F.","family":"Am\u00e1bile-Cuevas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Lusara","place":["Mexico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07067","article-title":"Self-destructive cooperation mediated by phenotypic noise","volume":"454","author":"Ackermann M.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ackermann M., , Stecher B., , Freed N.E., , Songhet P., , Hardt W.D., , Doebeli M. 2008. 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