{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:24:23Z","timestamp":1777922663999,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,1]],"date-time":"2013-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1359676800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Extraintestinal\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    infections are associated with extraintestinal pathogenic\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    (ExPEC) strains. A total of 114\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates were characterized regarding their antimicrobial resistance in a prospective study of 319 broilers from 12 slaughterhouses in the Czech Republic, a European Union member, during 2008. PCR-based assays to define ExPEC-associated traits were performed in resistant strains. Consumption of antimicrobial drugs by poultry in the Czech Republic was also analyzed. Antibiotic resistance was detected in 82% of isolates. Resistance to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin was predominant. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">qnrB19<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">qnrS1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , were detected in 1 and 3 of 93 resistant isolates, respectively. Twenty-three percent of resistant isolates were considered as ExPEC. In total, 972\u2009kg of flumequine, enrofloxacin, and difloxacin were used in poultry in the Czech Republic during 2008. High prevalence of broilers with ciprofloxacin-resistant\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates was linked to consumption of quinolones in poultry. Broilers may comprise an important vehicle for community-wide dissemination of fluoroquinolone-resistant\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    and ExPEC. Withdrawal of fluoroquinolones from use in chicken production should be seriously considered in the Czech Republic and the European Union as well.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2012.0124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,30]],"date-time":"2012-09-30T12:11:19Z","timestamp":1349007079000},"page":"57-63","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Broilers as a Source of Quinolone-Resistant and Extraintestinal Pathogenic\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    in the Czech Republic"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Ivan","family":"Literak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno","place":["Czech Republic"]},{"name":"Veterinary and Pharmaceutical University Brno","place":["Czech Republic"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomas","family":"Reitschmied","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno","place":["Czech Republic"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dobroslava","family":"Bujnakova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Physiology","place":["Slovakia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Dolejska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno","place":["Czech Republic"]},{"name":"Veterinary and Pharmaceutical University Brno","place":["Czech Republic"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alois","family":"Cizek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary and Pharmaceutical University Brno","place":["Czech Republic"]},{"name":"University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno","place":["Czech Republic"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Bardon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Veterinary Institute","place":["Czech Republic"]},{"name":"Palacky University Olomouc","place":["Czech Republic"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucie","family":"Pokludova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for State Control of Veterinary Biologicals and Medicaments","place":["Czech Republic"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pavel","family":"Alexa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Research Institute","place":["Czech Republic"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dana","family":"Halova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno","place":["Czech Republic"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivana","family":"Jamborova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno","place":["Czech Republic"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2010.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.35.8.2184-2185.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkm204"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6038","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00997-08","article-title":"qnrD, a novel gene conferring transferable quinolone resistance in Salmonella enterica serovars Kentucky and Bovismorbificans of human origin","volume":"53","author":"Cavaco L.M.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cavaco L.M., , Hasman H., , Xia S., , Aarestrup F.M. 2009. qnrD, a novel gene conferring transferable quinolone resistance in Salmonella enterica serovars Kentucky and Bovismorbificans of human origin. 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