{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T16:52:31Z","timestamp":1778604751982,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]],"date-time":"2013-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1380585600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"abstract":"\n Four serotypes recovered from clinically diarrheic human faecal samples (\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n Muenster,\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n Florian,\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n Omuna and\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n Noya) were investigated for the presence of 11 virulence genes (\n inv<\/jats:italic>\n A\n , avr<\/jats:italic>\n A,\n ssa<\/jats:italic>\n Q,\n mgt<\/jats:italic>\n C,\n sii<\/jats:italic>\n D,\n sop<\/jats:italic>\n B,\n gip<\/jats:italic>\n A,\n sod<\/jats:italic>\n C1,\n sop<\/jats:italic>\n E1,\n spv<\/jats:italic>\n C, and\n bcf<\/jats:italic>\n C) and their association with antibiotic resistance. The 4\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n serotypes lacked virulence genes\n gip<\/jats:italic>\n A and\n spv<\/jats:italic>\n C. Resistance to 7 of the 14 antimicrobials was detected. The frequency of resistance, to lincomycin and streptomycin (100% of the\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n Muenster [2\/5],\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n Florian [1\/5],\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n Omuna [1\/5], and\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n Noya [1\/5] isolates), chloramphenicol (100% of the\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n Muenster [2\/5] and\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n Florian [1\/5] isolates) and trimethoprim\u2013sulfamethoxazole (100% of the\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n Florian [1\/5] and\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n Omuna [1\/5] isolates) was an outstanding feature. With the rest of the antibiotics, the four\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n serotypes exhibited a great diversity in their resistance patterns. Overall, the four\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n serotypes were resistant to more than one antimicrobial. The antimicrobials to which the\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n Muenster,\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n Florian, and\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n Omuna isolates were resistant, contributed to five different antimicrobial resistance profiles. The virulence associated genes\n inv<\/jats:italic>\n A,\n ssa<\/jats:italic>\n Q,\n sii<\/jats:italic>\n D,\n sop<\/jats:italic>\n B, and\n bcf<\/jats:italic>\n C genes were 100% associated with certain antimicrobial resistance phenotypes (streptomycin and lincosamide) not recorded previously, and secondly, the presence of\n inv<\/jats:italic>\n A,\n avr<\/jats:italic>\n A,\n ssa<\/jats:italic>\n Q,\n mgt<\/jats:italic>\n C,\n sii<\/jats:italic>\n D,\n sop<\/jats:italic>\n B, and\n bcf<\/jats:italic>\n C was associated with resistance to chloramphenicol. The results of this study will help in understanding the spread of virulence genotypes and antibiotic resistance in\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n in the region of study.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2012.0151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,26]],"date-time":"2013-04-26T09:52:40Z","timestamp":1366969960000},"page":"370-377","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence-Associated Genes of\n Salmonella enterica<\/i>\n Subsp.\n enterica<\/i>\n Serotypes Muenster, Florian, Omuna, and Noya Strains Isolated from Clinically Diarrheic Humans in Egypt"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Kamelia M.","family":"Osman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cairo University","place":["Egypt"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sherif H.","family":"Marouf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cairo University","place":["Egypt"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nayerah","family":"Alatfeehy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Research Institute","place":["Egypt"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1305.061489"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2000.6.77"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026881100197X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"113","article-title":"Plasmid-mediated antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica","volume":"5","author":"Carattoli A.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Carattoli A. 2003. Plasmid-mediated antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica. Curr. Issues Mol. Biol., 5:113\u2013122.","journal-title":"Curr. Issues Mol. Biol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","unstructured":"CLSI. 2008. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Ninth informational supplement NCCLS document. National committee for laboratory standared: Wayne."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2010.09.040","article-title":"Characterization of Salmonella Enteritidis isolated from human samples","volume":"45","author":"De Oliveira F.A.","year":"2012","unstructured":"De Oliveira F.A., , Pasqualotto A.P., , da Silva W.P., , Tondo E.C. 2012. Characterization of Salmonella Enteritidis isolated from human samples. Food Res. Int., 45:1000\u20131003.","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"173","article-title":"Genetic characterization of the mechanisms of resistance to amoxicillin\/clavulanate and third-generation cephalosporins in Salmonella enterica from three Spanish hospitals","volume":"14","author":"De Toro M.","year":"2011","unstructured":"De Toro M., , S\u00e1enz Y., , Cercenado E., , Rojo-Bezares B., , Garc\u00eda-Campello M., , Undabeitia E., , Torres C. 2011. Genetic characterization of the mechanisms of resistance to amoxicillin\/clavulanate and third-generation cephalosporins in Salmonella enterica from three Spanish hospitals. Int. Microbiol., 14:173\u2013181.","journal-title":"Int. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.1512"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","unstructured":"FAO WHO and OIE. 2003. Joint FAO\/OIE\/WHO Expert Workshop on Non-Human Antimicrobial Usage and Antimicrobial Resistance: Scientific assessment Geneva December 1\u20135 2003 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations World Health Organization World Organization for Animal Health."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","unstructured":"FAO WHO and OIE. 2008. Expert Meeting on Critically Important Antimicrobials. Report of the FAO\/WHO\/OIE Expert Meeting FAO Headquarters: Rome 26\u201330 November 2007."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61752-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2012.03.004","article-title":"Inheritance of the Salmonella virulence plasmids: Mostly vertical and rarely horizontal","volume":"12","author":"Feng Y.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Feng Y., , Liu J., , Li Y.G., , Cao F.L., , Johnston R.N., , Zhou J., , Liu G.R., , Liu S.L. 2012. Inheritance of the Salmonella virulence plasmids: Mostly vertical and rarely horizontal. Infect. Genet. Evol., 12:1058\u20131063.","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1203.050854","article-title":"Global Salm-Surv web-based surveillance and global Salmonella distribution, 2000\u20132002","volume":"12","author":"Galanis E.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Galanis E., , Lo Fo Wong D.M.A., , Patrick M.E., , Binsztein N., , Cieslik A., , Chalermchaikit T., , Aidara-Kane A., , Ellis A., , Angulo F.J., , Wegener H.C. World Health Organization. 2006. Global Salm-Surv web-based surveillance and global Salmonella distribution, 2000\u20132002. Emerg. Infect. Dis., 12:381\u2013388.","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01660-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e32833dd25d"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2010.0833"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2011.00129"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1997.3101672.x","article-title":"Pathogenicity islands of virulent bacteria: structure, function and impact on microbial evolution","volume":"23","author":"Hacker J.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hacker J., , Blum-Oehler G., , Muhldorfer I., , Tschape H. 1997. Pathogenicity islands of virulent bacteria: structure, function and impact on microbial evolution. Mol. Microbiol., 23:1089\u20131097.","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.08.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2010.0787","article-title":"Global monitoring of Salmonella serovar distribution based on quality assured data from the WHO Global Salm-Surv Country Data Bank; 2001\u20132007","volume":"8","author":"Hendriksen R.S.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hendriksen R.S., , Vieira A.R., , Karlsmose S., , Lo Fo Wong D.M.A., , Jensen A.B., , Wegener H.C., , Aarestrup F.M. 2011. Global monitoring of Salmonella serovar distribution based on quality assured data from the WHO Global Salm-Surv Country Data Bank; 2001\u20132007. Foodborne Pathog. Dis., 8:887\u2013900.","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathog. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2007.0075"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02437-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4514","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00563-08","article-title":"Characterization of pUO-StVR2, a virulence-resistance plasmid evolved from the pSLT virulence plasmid of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium","volume":"52","author":"Herrero A.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Herrero A., , Mendoza M.C., , Rodicio R., , Rodicio M.R. 2008. Characterization of pUO-StVR2, a virulence-resistance plasmid evolved from the pSLT virulence plasmid of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 52:4514\u20134517.","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9716-42-34"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00377-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2009.0447"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.091017.109"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800058660","article-title":"Nationwide outbreak of human salmonellosis in Germany due to contaminated paprika and paprika-powdered potato","volume":"115","author":"Lehmacher A.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lehmacher A., , Bockemuhl J, , Aleksic S. 1995. Nationwide outbreak of human salmonellosis in Germany due to contaminated paprika and paprika-powdered potato. Epidemiol. Infect., 115:501\u2013511.","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","first-page":"882","article-title":"International Collaboration on Enteric Disease \u2018Burden of Illness\u2019 Studies","volume":"50","author":"Majowicz S.E.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Majowicz S.E., , Musto J., , Scallan E., , Angulo F.J., , Kirk M., , O'Brien S.J., , Jones T.F., , Fazil A., , Hoekstra R.M. International Collaboration on Enteric Disease \u2018Burden of Illness\u2019 Studies. 2010. The global burden of nontyphoidal Salmonella gastroenteritis. Clin. Infect. Dis., 50:882\u2013889.","journal-title":"The global burden of nontyphoidal Salmonella gastroenteritis. Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.15.4.647-679.2002","article-title":"Interaction among strategies associated with bacterial infection: pathogenecity, epidemicity, and antibiotic resistance","volume":"15","author":"Martinez J.L.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Martinez J.L., , Baquero F. 2002. Interaction among strategies associated with bacterial infection: pathogenecity, epidemicity, and antibiotic resistance. Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 15:647\u2013679.","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkm336","article-title":"Detailed structure of integrons and transposons carried by large conjugative plasmids responsible for multidrug resistance in diverse genomic types of Salmonella enterica serovar Brandenburg","volume":"60","author":"Martinez N.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Martinez N., , Mendoza M.C., , Rodriguez I., , Soto S., , Bances M., , Rodicio M.R. 2007. Detailed structure of integrons and transposons carried by large conjugative plasmids responsible for multidrug resistance in diverse genomic types of Salmonella enterica serovar Brandenburg. J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 60:1227\u20131234.","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.17.9845"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","first-page":"973","article-title":"Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Surveillance for foodborne disease outbreaks\u2014United States, 2007","volume":"59","author":"MMWR","year":"2010","unstructured":"MMWR. 2010. Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Surveillance for foodborne disease outbreaks\u2014United States, 2007. Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep., 59:973\u2013979.","journal-title":"Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","first-page":"490","article-title":"Integron-plasmid mediated antibiotic resistance and virulence factors in clinical Salmonella enterica serovars in rural Western Kenya","volume":"4","author":"Onyango D.M.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Onyango D.M., , Kakai R., , Nyandago W.E., , Ghebremedhin B., , Konig W., , Kong B. 2010. Integron-plasmid mediated antibiotic resistance and virulence factors in clinical Salmonella enterica serovars in rural Western Kenya. Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 4:490\u2013497.","journal-title":"Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-010-9665-7","article-title":"Comparative virulence genotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility profiling of environmental and clinical Salmonella enterica from Cochin, India","volume":"62","author":"Parvathi A.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Parvathi A., , Vijayan J., , Murali G., , Chandran P. 2011. Comparative virulence genotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility profiling of environmental and clinical Salmonella enterica from Cochin, India. Curr. Microbiol., 62:21\u201326.","journal-title":"Curr. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","first-page":"465","article-title":"Review article Salmonella: a foodborne pathogen","volume":"18","author":"Pui C.F.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pui C.F., , Wong W.C., , Chai L.C., , Tunung R., , Jeyaletchumi P., , Noor Hidayah M.S., , Ubong A., , Farinazleen M.G., , Cheah Y.K., , Son R. 2011. Review article Salmonella: a foodborne pathogen. Int. Food Res. J., 18:465\u2013473.","journal-title":"Int. Food Res. J."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","first-page":"83","article-title":"Prevalence & phenotypic expression of sopB gene among clinical isolates of Salmonella enterica","volume":"123","author":"Rahman H.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rahman H. 2006. Prevalence & phenotypic expression of sopB gene among clinical isolates of Salmonella enterica. Indian J. Med. Res., 123:83\u201388.","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.3923\/ijps.2005.557.559","article-title":"Detection of InvA gene in isolated Salmonella from broilers by PCR method","volume":"4","author":"Salehi T.Z.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Salehi T.Z., , Mahzounieh M., , Saeedzadeh A. 2005. Detection of InvA gene in isolated Salmonella from broilers by PCR method. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 4:557\u2013559.","journal-title":"Int. J. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.41.11_Pt_1.1375","article-title":"Streptomycin resistance of coliform bacteria from turkeys fed streptomycin","volume":"41","author":"Starr M.P.","year":"1951","unstructured":"Starr M.P., , Reynolds D.M. 1951. Streptomycin resistance of coliform bacteria from turkeys fed streptomycin. Am. J. Public Health, 41:1375\u20131380.","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e58449","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0058449","article-title":"Virulence gene profiling and pathogenicity characterization of non-typhoidal Salmonella accounted for invasive disease in humans","volume":"8","author":"Suez J.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Suez J., , Porwollik S., , Dagan A., , Marzel A., , Schorr Y.I., , Desai P.T., , Agmon V., , McClelland M., , Rahav G., , Gal-Mor O. 2013. Virulence gene profiling and pathogenicity characterization of non-typhoidal Salmonella accounted for invasive disease in humans. PLoS One, 8:e58449.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","first-page":"14pii","article-title":"Outbreak of Salmonella enterica serotype Muenster infections associated with goat's cheese, France, March 2008","volume":"6","author":"Van Cauteren D.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Van Cauteren D., , Jourdan-da Silva N., , Weill F.X., , King L., , Brisabois A., , Delmas G., , Vaillant V., , de Valk H. 2009. Outbreak of Salmonella enterica serotype Muenster infections associated with goat's cheese, France, March 2008. Euro. Surveill., 6:14pii\u201319290.","journal-title":"Euro. Surveill."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2005005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","unstructured":"WHO. 2007. Critically important antimicrobials for human medicine: categorization for the development of risk management strategies to contain antimicrobial resistance due to non-human antimicrobial use: report of the second WHO Expert Meeting Copenhagen 29\u201331 May 2007. WHO Press World Health Organization: Geneva Switzerland."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-9-131","article-title":"Association of virulence plasmid and antibiotic resistance determinants with chromosomal multilocus genotypes in Mexican Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strains","volume":"9","author":"Wiesner M.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wiesner M., , Zaidi M.B., , Calva E., , Fern\u00e1ndez-Mora M., , Calva J.J., , Silva C. 2009. Association of virulence plasmid and antibiotic resistance determinants with chromosomal multilocus genotypes in Mexican Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strains. BMC Microbiol., 9:131.","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01099-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2011.1012"}],"container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/mdr.2012.0151","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/mdr.2012.0151","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/mdr.2012.0151","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:27:24Z","timestamp":1777667244000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1089\/mdr.2012.0151"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/mdr.2012.0151"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/mdr.2012.0151","relation":{},"ISSN":["1076-6294","1931-8448"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1076-6294","type":"print"},{"value":"1931-8448","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]}}}