{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T06:35:42Z","timestamp":1790922942928,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]],"date-time":"2013-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1380585600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The spreading of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and genes from food-producing animals to humans has been a subject of increasing concern. To clarify the role of flies in spreading the extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL) gene from food-producing animals to humans, we isolated and characterized a third-generation cephalosporin-resistant\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    strain from flies and cattle feces from a cattle barn. Cephalosporin-resistant strains were isolated from 14.3% (13\/91) of houseflies, 10.3% (7\/68) of false stable flies, and 7.5% (7\/93) of cattle feces. Twenty-seven cephalosporin-resistant strains were tested for the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes. Of the 27 samples, 22 isolates from 11 houseflies, 5 false stable flies, and 6 cattle feces samples harbored the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M-15<\/jats:sub>\n                    gene. All\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M-15<\/jats:sub>\n                    -harboring isolates belonged to phylogenetic group D and the ST38 clonal group. Analysis of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed that these isolates were divided into two clusters, indicating that flies carried several of the same clones that were detected in cattle feces. All\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M-15<\/jats:sub>\n                    gene-harboring plasmids were transferable and were members of incompatibility group FIB. These results suggest that transferable plasmids encoding ESBL were prevalent among flies and cattle. As vectors, flies may play an important role in spreading ESBL-producing bacteria from food-producing animals to humans.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2012.0251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,9]],"date-time":"2013-05-09T11:15:09Z","timestamp":1368098109000},"page":"415-420","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["The Role of Flies in Spreading the Extended-Spectrum \u03b2-lactamase Gene from Cattle"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Masaru","family":"Usui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rakuno Gakuen University","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomohiro","family":"Iwasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rakuno Gakuen University","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Fukuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rakuno Gakuen University","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toyotaka","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rakuno Gakuen University","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torahiko","family":"Okubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rakuno Gakuen University","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yutaka","family":"Tamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rakuno Gakuen University","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0732-8893(00)00130-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-009-9533-9","article-title":"Horizontal transfer of the tetracycline resistance gene tetM mediated by pCF10 among Enterococcus faecalis in the house fly (Musca domestica L.) alimentary canal","volume":"58","author":"Akhtar M.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Akhtar M., , Hirt H., , Zurek L. 2009. Horizontal transfer of the tetracycline resistance gene tetM mediated by pCF10 among Enterococcus faecalis in the house fly (Musca domestica L.) alimentary canal. Microb. Ecol., 58:509\u2013518.","journal-title":"Microb. Ecol."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","unstructured":"Anonymous. 1969. Report of the Joint Committee on the Use of Antibiotics in Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine. HMSO: London United Kingdom."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control Prevention. 2004. One-day (24\u201328\u2009h) standardized laboratory protocol for molecular subtyping of Escherichia coli O157:H7 non-typhoidal Salmonella serotypes and Shigella sonnei by Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) PulseNet PFGE Manual. www.cdc.gov\/pulsenet\/protocols\/ecoli_salmonella_shigella_protocols.pdf. 2013 April 8."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.2317\/JKES0809.15.1","article-title":"Assessment of house fly dispersal between rural and urban inhabitants in Kansas, USA","volume":"83","author":"Chakrabati S.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chakrabati S., , Kambhaampati S., , Zurek L. 2010. Assessment of house fly dispersal between rural and urban inhabitants in Kansas, USA. J. Kans. Entomol. Soc., 83:172\u2013188.","journal-title":"J. Kans. Entomol. 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Performance standards for antimicrobial disk dilution susceptibility tests for bacteria isolated from animals; approved standard-third editionDocument M31-A3Wayne PA."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1402.070350"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp498"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","unstructured":"DANMAP. http:\/\/danmap.org\/. 2013 April 8."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-007-0522-y","article-title":"Pilot study on synanthropic flies (e.g., Musca, Sarcophaga, Calliphora, Fannia, Lucilia, Stomoxys) as vectors of pathogenic microorganisms","volume":"101","author":"Forster M.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Forster M., , Klimpel S., , Mehlhorn H., , Sievert K., , Messler S., , Pfeffer K. 2007. Pilot study on synanthropic flies (e.g., Musca, Sarcophaga, Calliphora, Fannia, Lucilia, Stomoxys) as vectors of pathogenic microorganisms. Parasitol. 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