{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:24:36Z","timestamp":1777922676650,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,1]],"date-time":"2013-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1385856000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    =438) from six different broiler chicken flocks (all in, all out) with known consumption of antimicrobials were investigated for their antimicrobial resistance and the prevalence of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL) phenotypes.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    were isolated from chicken at the third and fifth week of age and tested for antimicrobial resistance during the course of fattening. Resistance to sulfamethoxazole+trimethoprim, which was used in four flocks within the first days of life, decreased significantly in all six flocks between the third and fifth week of broiler chicken's life (mean 65.9% vs. 54.3%). By contrast, resistance to spectinomycin increased significantly in all six flocks within the same period (mean 36.1% vs. 57.0%); doxycycline resistance increased significantly in five of six flocks (mean 19.2% vs. 41.7%), although both substances were not used for treatment. Of the sulfonamide resistance genes\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">sul<\/jats:italic>\n                    1,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">sul<\/jats:italic>\n                    2, and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">sul<\/jats:italic>\n                    3,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">sul<\/jats:italic>\n                    2 was most frequently found (up to 60%). The prevalence of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">sul<\/jats:italic>\n                    2 increased significantly between weeks 3 and 5, if the chicken were treated with sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim in the first days of life. If sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim was not used, then the prevalence of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">sul<\/jats:italic>\n                    2 decreased significantly in the same period. The prevalence of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">sul<\/jats:italic>\n                    1+\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">qac<\/jats:italic>\n                    E\u03941 (classical class 1 integrons) was significantly higher in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    from sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim\u2013treated flocks (9.63%), compared to untreated flocks (2.92%). The detection of phenotypes that potentially indicate plasmid-borne AmpC-\u03b2-lactamases was inversely associated with sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim treatment. ESBL phenotypes were found without selective enrichment in four of six flocks. Of all isolated\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    , 1.8% (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    =8) had an ESBL phenotype. ESBL strains differed in their accompanying resistances and\/or enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequences. In conclusion, clonal dissemination seems not to be a major cause of ESBL detection on a chicken farm with all-in all-out production mode.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2012.0257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,11]],"date-time":"2013-07-11T09:17:25Z","timestamp":1373534245000},"page":"498-506","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Selection and Persistence of Antimicrobial-Resistant\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    Including Extended-Spectrum \u03b2-Lactamase Producers in Different Poultry Flocks on One Chicken Farm"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Karin","family":"Schwaiger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johann","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina Susanne","family":"H\u00f6lzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/107662903322762815"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1999.0425","article-title":"Studies of antibiotic resistance within the patient, hospitals and the community using simple mathematical models","volume":"354","author":"Austin D.J.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Austin D.J., , Anderson R.M. 1999. 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