{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:24:43Z","timestamp":1777922683654,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,1]],"date-time":"2014-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1391212800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Chlamydia pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a human pathogen that causes multiple diseases worldwide. Despite appropriate therapy with antichlamydial antibiotics, chronic exacerbated diseases often occur and lead to serious sequelae. The use of the macrolide clarithromycin and the fluoroquinolone ofloxacin has improved the treatment of chlamydial infection, but therapy failure is still a major problem. In this work, we studied the pretreatment with natural polyphenols and subsequent treatment with clarithromycin or ofloxacin. The phenolic compounds resveratrol and quercetin improved the antichlamydial effect of clarithromycin and ofloxacin. In particular, resveratrol at 40\u2009\u03bcM and quercetin at 20\u2009\u03bcM exhibited significant growth inhibition on\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    in presence of clarithromycin or ofloxacin compared to controls. In addition, we demonstrated that both resveratrol and quercetin decreased IL-17 and IL-23 production in a time-dependent manner in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    -infected cells. The results showed a particularly strong inhibition of the IL-23 levels released with combined treatment of resveratrol or quercetin and ofloxacin or clarithromycin, suggesting that the combined treatment may afford a synergistic effect in controlling\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Chlamydia<\/jats:italic>\n                    infections.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2013.0024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,16]],"date-time":"2013-08-16T19:01:17Z","timestamp":1376679677000},"page":"1-10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Antimicrobial Effect of Natural Polyphenols With or Without Antibiotics on\n                    <i>Chlamydia pneumoniae<\/i>\n                    Infection\n                    <i>In Vitro<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Antonietta","family":"Rizzo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Second University of Naples","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Romano Carratelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second University of Naples","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Losacco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second University of Naples","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Rosaria","family":"Iovene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second University of Naples","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"108","article-title":"Green tea Helicobacter pylori infection","volume":"40","author":"Akai Y.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Akai Y., , Nakajima N., , Ito Y., , Matsui T., , Iwasaki A., , and Arakawa Y.. 2007. 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