{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T21:46:47Z","timestamp":1778104007155,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,13]],"date-time":"2013-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1384300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Fluoroquinolones are frequently used to treat infectious disease that is caused by\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    in dairy cattle. However, fluoroquinolone resistance occurs and is due either to chromosomal mutations in the bacterial topoisomerase genes and\/or to plasmid-mediated resistance genes. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and molecular characteristics of fluoroquinolone resistance determinants in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    =148) isolated from dairy cattle with bovine endometritis in Inner Mongolia (China). Analysis of the mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions of resistant\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates confirmed previously reported substitutions in the GyrA and ParE. However, we identified additional substitutions in the ParC and GyrB that have not been reported earlier. No plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes in any of the isolates were found. The number of point mutations found per isolate correlated with an increase in the minimum inhibitory concentration of ciprofloxacin. Overall, 45.5% of the isolates were positive for the class I integrase gene along with four gene cassettes that were responsible for resistance to trimethoprim (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">dfr1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">dfrA17<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and aminoglycosides (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">aadA1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">aadA5<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), respectively. The prevalence of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases (ESBLs) was 100%, and the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>TEM<\/jats:sub>\n                    gene was predominant in all of the isolates. In conclusion, our results identify the mechanism of quinolone resistance for the first time and reveal the prevalence of integron and ESBLs in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates from dairy cattle with bovine endometritis in China after 20 years of quinolone usage in cattle.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2013.0073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,13]],"date-time":"2013-11-13T09:13:34Z","timestamp":1384334014000},"page":"162-169","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Fluoroquinolone Resistance in\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    Isolates from Dairy Cattle with Endometritis in China"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Hong-Xia","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Inner Mongolia Agricultural University","place":["People's Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun-Li","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inner Mongolia Agricultural University","place":["People's Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian-Zhong","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Agricultural University","place":["People's Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong-Liang","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co. Ltd.,","place":["People's Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inner Mongolia Agricultural University","place":["People's Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Ping","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inner Mongolia Agricultural University","place":["People's Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pei-Feng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inner Mongolia Agricultural University","place":["People's Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"277","article-title":"High-producing cows in Switzerland","volume":"4","author":"Aeberhard K.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Aeberhard K., , Bruckmaier R., , and Blum J. 1997. 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