{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:24:48Z","timestamp":1777922688696,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]],"date-time":"2014-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1406851200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    We determined the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    susceptibility of clinical isolates of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    to ZnCl, compared its sensitivity to bismuth subsalicylate (BSS) and clarithromycin (CLR) that are used for the treatment of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection and its activity at different gastric pH. One hundred sixteen clinical isolates of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains were chosen. Agar gel dilution method was used to determine the susceptibility of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates to ZnCl 40\u2009\u03bcg\/ml, BSS 20\u2009\u03bcg\/ml, and CLR 2\u2009\u03bcg\/ml. Suspension of 10\n                    <jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\n                    bacteria\/\u03bcl was streaked on the blood agar plate. The control consisted of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    incubated without ZnCl, BSS, and CLR. One hundred ten\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains (95%) were susceptible to ZnCl 40\u2009\u03bcg\/ml compared to 114 (98%) to BSS 20\u2009\u03bcg\/ml (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    =0.002) and 92 (79%) to CLR 2\u2009\u03bcg\/ml (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    =0.602).\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates from patients with nonulcer dyspepsia and from peptic ulcer were equally susceptible to ZnCl 40\u2009\u03bcg\/ml (90\/96 vs. 26\/26,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    =0.208).\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    associated with chronic gastritis and chronic active gastritis were equally susceptible to ZnCl.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    demonstrated susceptibility to ZnCl\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    susceptibility to ZnCl 40\u2009\u03bcg\/ml was greater than BSS and comparable to CLR. ZnCl may be used in the treatment of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2013.0086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,11]],"date-time":"2013-07-11T09:17:25Z","timestamp":1373534245000},"page":"305-309","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Comparison of Antimicrobial Activity of Zinc Chloride and Bismuth Subsalicylate Against Clinical Isolates of\n                    <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Javed","family":"Yakoob","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aga Khan University","place":["Pakistan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zaigham","family":"Abbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aga Khan University","place":["Pakistan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Waqas","family":"Usman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aga Khan University","place":["Pakistan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Safia","family":"Awan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aga Khan University","place":["Pakistan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shagufta","family":"Naz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aga Khan University","place":["Pakistan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatima","family":"Jafri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aga Khan University","place":["Pakistan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saeed","family":"Hamid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aga Khan University","place":["Pakistan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wasim","family":"Jafri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aga Khan University","place":["Pakistan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-008-0582-6","article-title":"Furazolidone, co-amoxiclav, colloidal bismuth subcitrate, and esomeprazole for patients who failed to eradicate Helicobacter pylori with triple therapy","volume":"54","author":"Abbas Z.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Abbas Z., , Yakoob J., , Abid S., , Jafri W., , Islam M., , Azam Z., , and Hilal I. 2009. Furazolidone, co-amoxiclav, colloidal bismuth subcitrate, and esomeprazole for patients who failed to eradicate Helicobacter pylori with triple therapy. Dig. Dis. Sci., 54:1953\u20131957.","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pathol.1.110304.100125","article-title":"The pathogenesis of H. pylori-induced gastro-duodenal diseases","volume":"1","author":"Atherton J.C.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Atherton J.C. 2006. The pathogenesis of H. pylori-induced gastro-duodenal diseases. Annu. Rev. Pathol., 1:63\u201396.","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. 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