{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:24:47Z","timestamp":1777922687617,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,30]],"date-time":"2013-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1383091200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Forty-two extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolates of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Pantoea agglomerans<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Serratia marcescens<\/jats:italic>\n                    , collected consecutively during the period January\u2013November 2011 from the University Hospital in Varna, Bulgaria, were studied to characterize their ESBLs by isoelectric focusing, group-specific PCR, and sequencing. The epidemiological relationship was evaluated by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis (RAPD). Transferability of ESBL genes was determined by conjugation experiments. Plasmid analysis was done by replicon typing and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pst<\/jats:italic>\n                    I fingerprinting. The overall rate of ESBL production was 20%. The most widespread enzyme was CTX-M-3, found in 64%. It was dominant in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. aerogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    (100%) and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. marcescens<\/jats:italic>\n                    (83%). SHV-12, CTX-M-3, and CTX-M-15 were found among\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. cloacae<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates in 50%, 35%, and 45%, respectively. Three main CTX-M-3-producing epidemic clones of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. aerogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. marcescens<\/jats:italic>\n                    have been detected. Among\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. cloacae<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates, six different RAPD profiles were discerned. The plasmids harboring\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M-3<\/jats:sub>\n                    belonged to IncL\/M type and demonstrated similar\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pst<\/jats:italic>\n                    I fingerprinting profiles. IncFII plasmids were detected in two CTX-M-15-producing\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. cloacae<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates. Our results demonstrate wide intrahospital dissemination of clonal\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. aerogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. marcescens<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates, carrying IncL\/M conjugative plasmids.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2013.0102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,30]],"date-time":"2013-10-30T12:45:02Z","timestamp":1383137102000},"page":"131-137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Epidemiology and Molecular Characterization of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing\n                    <i>Enterobacter<\/i>\n                    spp\n                    <i>., Pantoea agglomerans<\/i>\n                    , and\n                    <i>Serratia marcescens<\/i>\n                    Isolates from a Bulgarian Hospital"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Rumyana Donkova","family":"Markovska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University of Sofia","place":["Bulgaria"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Temenuga Jekova","family":"Stoeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University","place":["Bulgaria"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kalina Dineva","family":"Bojkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University","place":["Bulgaria"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivan Gergov","family":"Mitov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University of Sofia","place":["Bulgaria"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2012.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.43.8.1924"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00197-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.4.933-951.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2007.01850.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2005.03.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01707-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2011.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","unstructured":"CLSI [Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute]. 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Khimioter."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.022970-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2011.0074"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2008.04.033"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/10.4.867"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.6.2184-2190.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2008.0814"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","first-page":"43","article-title":"A study on Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase producing isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli in two hospitals in VARNA city","volume":"48","author":"Markovska R.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Markovska R., , Stoeva T., , Bojkova K., , and Mitov I. 2012. A study on Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase producing isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli in two hospitals in VARNA city. Medizinski Pregled, 48:43\u201349.","journal-title":"Medizinski Pregled"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-88-1-169"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-007-0526-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","first-page":"265","article-title":"Outbreak of a novel Enterobacter spp. carrying blaCTX-M-15 in a neonatal unit of a tertiary care hospital in Tanzania","volume":"38","author":"Mshana S.E.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mshana S.E., , Gerwing L., , Minde M., , Hain T., , Domann E., , Lyamuya E., , Chakraborty T., , and Imirzalioglu C. 2011. Outbreak of a novel Enterobacter spp. carrying blaCTX-M-15 in a neonatal unit of a tertiary care hospital in Tanzania. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents, 38:265\u2013269.","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. 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