{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:25:00Z","timestamp":1777922700667,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]],"date-time":"2014-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    A GAS Surveillance Study Group was organized to analyze group A streptococci (GAS) isolated from patients with acute pharyngotonsillitis, with participating pediatricians submitting swab samples between April and October 2012. Molecular analysis of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">emm<\/jats:italic>\n                    typing and multilocus sequence typing (MLST), as well as antimicrobial susceptibility testing, were carried out for 363 GAS isolates. Strains belonging to\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">emm1<\/jats:italic>\n                    were most prevalent (25.6%), followed in turn by\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">emm12<\/jats:italic>\n                    (23.7%),\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">emm28<\/jats:italic>\n                    (16.3%), and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">emm89<\/jats:italic>\n                    (15.3%). In\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">emm1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , 87.2% of strains, typed as ST28 or ST661, showed macrolide (ML) resistance mediated by the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mef<\/jats:italic>\n                    (A) gene. In\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">emm12<\/jats:italic>\n                    (ST36 and ST465), 64.3% of strains were resistant to MLs because of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mef<\/jats:italic>\n                    (A) or\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">erm<\/jats:italic>\n                    (B), as was also true for 81.7% of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">emm28<\/jats:italic>\n                    (ST52). In\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">emm<\/jats:italic>\n                    89 (ST101 and ST646), however, such resistance was not seen. Due to the high levels of ML resistance observed, GAS isolates from individuals with penicillin allergies need to be isolated and their antimicrobial susceptibility tested, rather than automatically giving the patient a ML.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2013.0213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,26]],"date-time":"2014-02-26T12:54:32Z","timestamp":1393419272000},"page":"431-435","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Prevalence of Macrolide Resistance Among Group A Streptococci Isolated from Pharyngotonsillitis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Takeaki","family":"Wajima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naoko","family":"Chiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keio University School of Medicine","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miyuki","family":"Morozumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keio University School of Medicine","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michi","family":"Shouji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cancer Center Hospital","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katsuhiko","family":"Sunaoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saitama Prefectural Institute of Public Health","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kayoko","family":"Sugita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keio University School of Medicine","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Tajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hakujikai Memorial Hospital","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kimiko","family":"Ubukata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keio University School of Medicine","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"GAS Surveillance Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.34.4.953-958.1996","article-title":"Sequencing emm-specific PCR products for routine and accurate typing of group A streptococci","volume":"34","author":"Beall B.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Beall B., , Facklam R., , and Thompson T.. 1996. Sequencing emm-specific PCR products for routine and accurate typing of group A streptococci. J. Clin. Microbiol., 34:953\u2013958.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.3109\/00365540903321598","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance and molecular analysis of Streptococcus pyogenes isolated from healthy schoolchildren in China","volume":"42","author":"Chang H.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chang H., , Shen X., , Fu Z., , Liu L., , Shen Y., , Liu X., , Yu S., , Yao K., , Zhao C., , and Yang Y.. 2010. Antibiotic resistance and molecular analysis of Streptococcus pyogenes isolated from healthy schoolchildren in China. Scand. J. Infect. Dis., 42:84\u201389.","journal-title":"Scand. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2011.0102"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). 2010. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing: twentieth informational supplement. M100-S20 Wayne Pennsylvania."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.13.3.470"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2012.09.001","article-title":"Decline in macrolide-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes isolates from French children","volume":"302","author":"d'Humi\u00e8res C.","year":"2012","unstructured":"d'Humi\u00e8res C., , Cohen R., , Levy C., , Bidet P., , Thollot F., , Wollner A., , and Bingen E.. 2012. Decline in macrolide-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes isolates from French children. Int. J. Med. Microbiol., 302:300\u2013303.","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","first-page":"2912","article-title":"The rational clinical examination","volume":"284","author":"Ebell M.H.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ebell M.H., , Smith M.A., , Barry H.C., , Ives K., , and Carey M.. 2000. The rational clinical examination. Does this patient have strep throat?. JAMA, 284:2912\u20132918.","journal-title":"Does this patient have strep throat?. JAMA"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2416","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.4.2416-2427.2001","article-title":"Multilocus sequence typing of Streptococcus pyogenes and the relationships between emm type and clone","volume":"69","author":"Enright M.C.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Enright M.C., , Spratt B.G., , Kalia A., , Cross J.H., , and Bessen D.E.. 2001. Multilocus sequence typing of Streptococcus pyogenes and the relationships between emm type and clone. Infect. Immun., 69:2416\u20132427.","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-011-1362-3","article-title":"Significant decline in the erythromycin resistance of group A streptococcus isolates at a German paediatric tertiary care centre","volume":"31","author":"Farmand S.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Farmand S., , Henneke P., , Hufnagel M., , and Berner R.. 2012. Significant decline in the erythromycin resistance of group A streptococcus isolates at a German paediatric tertiary care centre. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 31:707\u2013710.","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-12-280","article-title":"Group A streptococci clones associated with invasive infections and pharyngitis in Portugal present differences in emm types, superantigen gene content and antimicrobial resistance","volume":"12","author":"Fri\u00e3es A.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fri\u00e3es A., , Pinto F.R., , Silva-Costa C., , Ramirez M., , Melo-Cristino J., and Portuguese Group for the Study of Streptococcal Infections. 2012. Group A streptococci clones associated with invasive infections and pharyngitis in Portugal present differences in emm types, superantigen gene content and antimicrobial resistance. BMC Microbiol., 12:280.","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-1198"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.4161\/viru.2.5.16342","article-title":"The M protein of group A Streptococcus is a key virulence factor and a clinically relevant strain identification marker","volume":"2","author":"Metzgar D.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Metzgar D., , and Zampolli A.. 2011. The M protein of group A Streptococcus is a key virulence factor and a clinically relevant strain identification marker. Virulence, 2:402\u2013412.","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-011-1226-x","article-title":"Epidemiological and molecular analysis of Streptococcus pyogenes isolates causing invasive disease in Spain (1998\u20132009): comparison with non-invasive isolates","volume":"30","author":"Montes M.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Montes M., , Ardanuy C., , Tamayo E., , Dom\u00e8nech A., , Li\u00f1ares J., , and P\u00e9rez-Trallero E.. 2011. Epidemiological and molecular analysis of Streptococcus pyogenes isolates causing invasive disease in Spain (1998\u20132009): comparison with non-invasive isolates. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 30:1295\u20131302.","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.44.4.1440-1446.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-012-0500-x","article-title":"Antibiotic susceptibility in relation to genotype of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae responsible for community-acquired pneumonia in children","volume":"19","author":"Morozumi M.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Morozumi M., , Chiba N., , Okada T., , Sakata H., , Matsubara K., , Iwata S., , and Ubukata K.. 2013. Antibiotic susceptibility in relation to genotype of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae responsible for community-acquired pneumonia in children. J. Infect. Chemother., 19:432\u2013440.","journal-title":"J. Infect. Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00014-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","unstructured":"Ouchi K. Kurosaki T. and Okada K.. 2011. Guidelines for the management of respiratory infectious diseases in children Japan 2011. Kyowa Kikaku Ltd. Tokyo Japan (in Japanese)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03624.x","article-title":"Invasive group A streptococcal infections in adults, France (2006\u20132010)","volume":"18","author":"Plainvert C.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Plainvert C., , Doloy A., , Loubinoux J., , Lepoutre A., , Collobert G., , Touak G., , Trieu-Cuot P., , Bouvet A., , Poyart C., and NR-Strep Network. 2012. Invasive group A streptococcal infections in adults, France (2006\u20132010). Clin. Microbiol. Infect., 18:702\u2013710.","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-12-215","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology, antimicrobial susceptibilities and resistance mechanisms of Streptococcus pyogenes isolates resistant to erythromycin and tetracycline in Spain (1994\u20132006)","volume":"12","author":"Rubio-L\u00f3pez V.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rubio-L\u00f3pez V., , Valdezate S., , \u00c1lvarez D., , Villal\u00f3n P., , Medina M.J., , Salcedo C., , and S\u00e1ez-Nieto J.. 2012. Molecular epidemiology, antimicrobial susceptibilities and resistance mechanisms of Streptococcus pyogenes isolates resistant to erythromycin and tetracycline in Spain (1994\u20132006). BMC Microbiol., 12:215.","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","first-page":"2010","article-title":"Group A Streptococcus emm gene types in pharyngeal isolates, Ontario, Canada, 2002\u20132010","volume":"17","author":"Shea P.R.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shea P.R., , Ewbank A.L., , Gonzalez-Lugo J.H., , Martagon-Rosado A.J., , Martinez-Gutierrez J.C., , Rehman H.A., , Serrano-Gonzalez M., , Fittipaldi N., , Beres S.B., , Flores A.R., , Low D.E., , Willey B.M., , and Musser J.M.. 2011. Group A Streptococcus emm gene types in pharyngeal isolates, Ontario, Canada, 2002\u20132010. Emerg. Infect. Dis., 17:2010\u20132017.","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis847"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","first-page":"195","article-title":"Estimation of 207 amount of antimicrobials used by pharmacy surveillance","volume":"27","author":"Sugawara T.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sugawara T., , Ohkusa Y., , Gu Y., , Kawanohara H., , Taniguchi K., , and Okabe N.. 2012. Estimation of 207 amount of antimicrobials used by pharmacy surveillance. Jpn. J. Infect. Prev. Control, 27:195\u2013198.","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Infect. Prev. Control"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2013.06.022","article-title":"Associations of macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance with molecular typing in Streptococcus pyogenes from invasive infections, 2010 to 2012","volume":"42","author":"Wajima T.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wajima T., , Morozumi M., , Chiba N., , Shouji M., , Iwata S., , Sakata H., , and Ubukata K.. 2013. Associations of macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance with molecular typing in Streptococcus pyogenes from invasive infections, 2010 to 2012. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents, 42:447\u2013449.","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.2008\/002642-0","article-title":"Distribution of emm type and antibiotic susceptibility of group A streptococci causing invasive and noninvasive disease","volume":"57","author":"Wajima T.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wajima T., , Murayama S.Y., , Sunaoshi K., , Nakayama E., , Sunakawa K., , and Ubukata K.. 2008. Distribution of emm type and antibiotic susceptibility of group A streptococci causing invasive and noninvasive disease. J. Med. Microbiol., 57:1383\u20131388.","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."}],"container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/mdr.2013.0213","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/mdr.2013.0213","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/mdr.2013.0213","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:28:18Z","timestamp":1777667298000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1089\/mdr.2013.0213"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/mdr.2013.0213"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/mdr.2013.0213","relation":{},"ISSN":["1076-6294","1931-8448"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1076-6294","type":"print"},{"value":"1931-8448","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]}}}