{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T23:07:21Z","timestamp":1788995241209,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]],"date-time":"2014-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The presence and frequency of multiresistant bacteria in wild birds act as indicators of the environmental contamination of antibiotic resistance. To explore the rate of contamination mediated by\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    , 150 fecal samples from the brown-headed gull (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Chroicocephalus brunnicephalus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and 8 water samples from the Bay of Bengal area were collected, cultured, and tested for antibiotic susceptibility. Special attention was paid to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolates, which were further characterized genetically. Antibiotic resistance was found in 42.3% (36\/85) of the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates and multidrug resistance in 11.8%. Isolates from the area with a higher human activity were more resistant than those from an area with a lower level of activity. Most frequent was resistance to ampicillin (29.4%), followed by trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (24.7%) and quinolones (22.4%). Carriage of ESBL-producing\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    was relatively high (17.3%) in the gulls, whereas no ESBL producers were found in the water. All ESBL-producing\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates, but one, carried\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M-15<\/jats:sub>\n                    or\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M-15<\/jats:sub>\n                    -like genes. A\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M-14<\/jats:sub>\n                    -like enzyme was found as an exception. Gulls from two different colonies shared\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    clones and harbored the clinically relevant sequence types ST10, ST48, and ST131. The high frequency of antibiotic resistance and ESBL production among\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates from gulls indicates that the environmental contamination of antibiotic resistance has already gone far on the coastlines of the Bay of Bengal. Considering the limited control over the antibiotic consumption and waste from human activities in Bangladesh, there is no easy solution in sight.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2013.0233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,30]],"date-time":"2014-04-30T14:46:22Z","timestamp":1398869182000},"page":"466-471","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["The Gull (\n                    <i>Chroicocephalus brunnicephalus<\/i>\n                    ) as an Environmental Bioindicator and Reservoir for Antibiotic Resistance on the Coastlines of the Bay of Bengal"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Badrul","family":"Hasan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Uppsala University","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c5sa","family":"Melhus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uppsala University","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linus","family":"Sandegren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uppsala University","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Munirul","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research","place":["Bangladesh"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f6rn","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uppsala University","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Linnaeus University","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2006.12.192"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01647010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005958"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1939","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq222","article-title":"Characterization, and comparison, of human clinical and black-headed gull (Larus ridibundus) extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing bacterial isolates from Kalmar, on the southeast coast of Sweden","volume":"65","author":"Bonnedahl J.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bonnedahl J., , Drobni P., , Johansson A., , Hernandez J., , Melhus A., , Stedt J., , Olsen B., , and Drobni M. 2010. Characterization, and comparison, of human clinical and black-headed gull (Larus ridibundus) extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing bacterial isolates from Kalmar, on the southeast coast of Sweden. J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 65:1939\u20131944.","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. 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