{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T22:16:10Z","timestamp":1782512170151,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]],"date-time":"2014-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Synergism between biocides and antibiotics was investigated in 20 biocide and antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains that were previously isolated from organically produced foods, according to their antimicrobial resistance profiles. Most of the antibiotic\/biocide combinations yielded synergistic interactions, reducing the inhibitory concentrations of biocides and antibiotics by 4- to 16-fold. Among enterococci, synergism with biocides was detected for amoxicillin (AM), cefuroxime (CX), erythromycin (EM), ciprofloxacin (CP), and trimethoprim\/sulphametoxazol (T\/S). Among staphylococci, interactions were synergistic (AM) and either synergistic or indifferent (CX and EM, depending on biocide). Among the three methicillin-resistant\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    clinical strains included in the study, the combinations of methicillin and triclosan or hexachlorophene acted synergistically in all strains, but interactions were either synergistic or indifferent for the other biocides, depending on the strain. All combinations tested were synergistic for\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (AM, CX, EM, and CP) and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Micrococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (AM, EM). In\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    , interactions were indifferent (AM, CX, EM, and CP) or synergistic (T\/S). Synergism with biocides was also detected in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates (AM, CX, and T\/S),\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Enterobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. (AM, CX, EM, and T\/S),\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pantoea<\/jats:italic>\n                    (AM, CX, EM, CP, and T\/S), and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Chryseobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. (EM). These results suggest that combinations of biocides and antibiotics may open new possibilities to combat antimicrobial resistance.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2013.0234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,24]],"date-time":"2014-03-24T23:07:18Z","timestamp":1395702438000},"page":"383-391","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Synergistic Activity of Biocides and Antibiotics on Resistant Bacteria from Organically Produced Foods"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Miguel Angel","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez Fuentes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Ja\u00e9n","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hikmate","family":"Abriouel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Ja\u00e9n","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebeca","family":"Gadea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Ja\u00e9n","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rub\u00e9n","family":"P\u00e9rez Pulido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Ja\u00e9n","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"G\u00e1lvez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Ja\u00e9n","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Ja\u00e9n","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"233","article-title":"Antiseptics and disinfectants","volume":"28","author":"Booth H.W.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Booth H.W. 1998. 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