{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:07:21Z","timestamp":1791158841283,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,14]],"date-time":"2014-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1413244800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The role of wild animals, particularly migratory birds, in the dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria between geographically distant ecosystems is usually underestimated. The aim of this work was to characterize the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    population from\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Franklin's<\/jats:italic>\n                    gull feces, focusing on the extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains. In the summer of 2011, 124 fecal swabs from seagulls (1 of each) migrating from the United States and Canada to the coast of Antofagasta, north of Chile, were collected. Samples were seeded on MacConkey agar supplemented with 2\u2009\u03bcg\/ml of cefotaxime and a single colony from each plate was tested for ESBL production by the double-disk ESBL synergy test. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by the disk diffusion method and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>ESBL<\/jats:sub>\n                    genes were amplified and sequenced. The genetic diversity of isolates was explored by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE)-\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Xba<\/jats:italic>\n                    I and multilocus sequence typing. A total of 91\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates with high rates of antibiotic resistance were identified. Carbapenemase production was not detected, whereas 67 of the 91 (54%) isolates exhibited an ESBL phenotype due to the presence of CTX-M-15 (61.3%), CTX-M-2 (19.3%), CTX-M-22 (16.1%), and CTX-M-3 (1.6%) coding genes. High genetic diversity was observed, with 30 PFGE patterns and 23 sequence types (STs), including ST131 (18%), ST44 (15%), ST617 (9%), and ST10 (9%). Results presented here are complementary to those previously reported by Hern\u00e1ndez\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">et al.<\/jats:italic>\n                    in the same gull species, but located in the Central Region of Chile. Differences observed between gulls from both areas lead us to hypothesize that gulls from the northern location retain, as gut carriers, those resistant bacteria acquired in the United States and\/or Canada.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2014.0158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,14]],"date-time":"2014-10-14T15:03:58Z","timestamp":1413299038000},"page":"111-116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Molecular Characterization and Genetic Diversity of ESBL-Producing\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    Colonizing the Migratory Franklin's Gulls (\n                    <i>Leucophaeus pipixcan<\/i>\n                    ) in Antofagasta, North of Chile"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"John","family":"B\u00e1ez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Antofagasta","place":["Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria (IRYCIS),","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Constanza","family":"Guamparito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Antofagasta","place":["Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sof\u00eda","family":"D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Antofagasta","place":["Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdon","family":"Olave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Antofagasta","place":["Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Guerrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Antofagasta","place":["Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Cant\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria (IRYCIS),","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Red Espa\u00f1ola de Investigaci\u00f3n en Patolog\u00eda Infecciosa (REIPI)","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Baquero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Red Espa\u00f1ola de Investigaci\u00f3n en Patolog\u00eda Infecciosa (REIPI)","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"CIBER en Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP)","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joselyne","family":"Gahona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Antofagasta","place":["Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicomedes","family":"Valenzuela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Antofagasta","place":["Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"del Campo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria (IRYCIS),","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Red Espa\u00f1ola de Investigaci\u00f3n en Patolog\u00eda Infecciosa (REIPI)","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Antofagasta","place":["Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"B\u00e1ez J. Gonz\u00e1lez C. Alvarez J. Gahona J. Herrera N. Valenzuela N. and Silva J.. 2010. Prevalencia de beta-lactamasa de espectro extendido (BLEE) en cepas de Escherichia coli aisladas de infecciones urinarias en la comunidad de Antofagasta. XXXII Congreso Chileno de Microbiolog\u00eda. Antofagasta Chile."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2014.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005958"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq222"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2005.130325"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01099-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 2013. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Document M100-S23. 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Detection of Salmonella and Mycobacterium species in seagulls captured in Talcahuano, Chile. Rev. Med. Chil., 139:1496\u20131502.","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Chil."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","first-page":"161","article-title":"La gaviota de Franklin Larus pipixcan Wagler (Laridae), al sur de latitud 41\u00b0S, con nuevos registros de distribuci\u00f3n","volume":"29","author":"Marin M.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Marin M., , and Couve E.. 2001. La gaviota de Franklin Larus pipixcan Wagler (Laridae), al sur de latitud 41\u00b0S, con nuevos registros de distribuci\u00f3n. Anal Inst. Patag. Ser. Cienc. Nat., 29:161\u2013163.","journal-title":"Anal Inst. Patag. Ser. Cienc. 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Antibiotic resistance patterns in Escherichia coli from gulls in nine European countries. Infect. Ecol. Epidemiol., 10:4.","journal-title":"Infect. Ecol. 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