{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:25:27Z","timestamp":1777922727158,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]],"date-time":"2015-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1433116800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Background:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    The emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) is a serious problem in treating shigellosis. There are limited existing data examining the change in the antimicrobial resistance profile of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                    in Egypt. We previously reported that 58% of the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates in Egypt were resistant to at least one member of the three different antimicrobial groups. This study was performed to determine the antimicrobial resistance profile of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                    , determine their possible mechanisms of resistance, and compare their resistance profile to those reported 20 years ago.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Patients and Methods:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    Stool samples were collected from 500 subjects and processed for the isolation and identification of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The susceptibility of the isolates to 11 different antimicrobials was determined using the disc diffusion method.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Results:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    Of 500 stool cultures, 24 (4.8%) samples were positive for\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                    . There was a high percentage of resistance to ampicillin (88%), tetracycline (83%), and sulfamethoxazole\u2013trimethoprim (75%). Also, there was a moderate percentage of resistance to chloramphenicol (46%), streptomycin (42%), ceftazidime (33%), and cefotaxime (25%). A lower percentage of resistance was recorded for amikacin, nalidixic acid (17% each), and ofloxacin (7%), while no resistance was found to ciprofloxacin (0%). Twenty-one of the isolates (88%) were resistant to at least three different antimicrobial groups (indicating MDR). The average number of antimicrobial agents to which the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates were resistant was 4.3\u00b11.4, while it was 3.4\u00b11.5 in the same locality in 1994.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusion:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    These data demonstrate that there is a marked increase in MDR and change in the resistance patterns of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                    over the past 20 years.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2014.0187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,11]],"date-time":"2014-12-11T12:21:41Z","timestamp":1418300501000},"page":"286-291","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Changing Patterns of Drug-Resistant\n                    <i>Shigella<\/i>\n                    Isolates in Egypt"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Ghada M.","family":"Abd-Elmeged","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Minia University","place":["Egypt"]},{"name":"Minia Regional Blood Bank","place":["Egypt"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rasha M.","family":"Khairy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minia University","place":["Egypt"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sahar M.","family":"Abo-Eloyoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minia University","place":["Egypt"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sayed F.","family":"Abdelwahab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minia University","place":["Egypt"]},{"name":"Taif University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"25","article-title":"Plasmid screening of multidrug resistant Shigella isolates Zagazig","volume":"4","author":"Abde-Ghafar F.A.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Abde-Ghafar F.A., , Abdel-Latif H.K., , Kadry A.A., , Atia A., , and Fekry S. 1995. Plasmid screening of multidrug resistant Shigella isolates Zagazig. J. Pharm. Sci., 4:25\u201331.","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","unstructured":"Abdelwahab S. 1994. Prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella genera in rural and urban areas in El-Minia Governorate. An MSc thesis In Micobiology. Zagazig Zagazig pp. 1\u2013177."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2004.71.367"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.46725-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-0711-12-9","article-title":"Genetic characterization of antimicrobial resistance of Shigella flexneri 1c isolates from patients in Egypt and Pakistan","volume":"12","author":"Ahmed S.F.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ahmed S.F., , Klena J., , Husain T., , Monestersky J., , Naguib A., , and Wasfy M.O. 2013. Genetic characterization of antimicrobial resistance of Shigella flexneri 1c isolates from patients in Egypt and Pakistan. Ann. Clin. Microbiol. Antimicrob., 12:9.","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Microbiol. Antimicrob."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-9-184"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822011005000051","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance of Shigella spp. isolated in the State of Para, Brazil","volume":"44","author":"Bastos F.C.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bastos F.C., , and Loureiro E.C. 2011. Antimicrobial resistance of Shigella spp. isolated in the State of Para, Brazil. Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop., 44:607\u2013610.","journal-title":"Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/45.4_ts.493"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.022517-0","article-title":"Integron types, gene cassettes, antimicrobial resistance genes and plasmids of Shigella sonnei isolates from outbreaks and sporadic cases in Taiwan","volume":"60","author":"Chang C.Y.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chang C.Y., , Lu P.L., , Lin C.C., , Lee T.M., , Tsai M.Y., , and Chang L.L. 2011. Integron types, gene cassettes, antimicrobial resistance genes and plasmids of Shigella sonnei isolates from outbreaks and sporadic cases in Taiwan. J. Med. Microbiol., 60:197\u2013204.","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","unstructured":"CLSI. 2011. Performance Standard of Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility Testing. CLSI Wayne PA."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","unstructured":"Collee J.G. Fraser A.G. Marmion B.P. and Simmons A. 1996. Mackie and McCartney Practical Medical Microbiology. Churchill Livingstone Inc. New York."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-8603-6-20","article-title":"Laboratory based surveillance of travel-related Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneri in Alberta from 2002 to 2007","volume":"6","author":"Drews S.J.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Drews S.J., , Lau C., , Andersen M., , Ferrato C., , Simmonds K., , Stafford L., , Fisher B., , Everett D., , and Louie M. 2010. Laboratory based surveillance of travel-related Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneri in Alberta from 2002 to 2007. Global. Health, 6:20.","journal-title":"Global. Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01109-06","article-title":"High genetic stability of integrons in clinical isolates of Shigella spp. of worldwide origin","volume":"51","author":"Dubois V.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dubois V., , Parizano M.P., , Arpin C., , Coulange L., , Bezian M.C., , and Quentin C. 2007. High genetic stability of integrons in clinical isolates of Shigella spp. of worldwide origin. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 51:1333\u20131340.","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268811000525","article-title":"Genetic diversity and antibiotic resistance in Shigella dysenteriae and Shigella boydii strains isolated from children aged <5 years in Egypt","volume":"140","author":"El-Gendy A.M.","year":"2012","unstructured":"El-Gendy A.M., , Mansour A., , Weiner M.A., , Pimentel G., , Armstrong A.W., , Young S.Y., , Elsayed N., , and Klena J.D. 2012. Genetic diversity and antibiotic resistance in Shigella dysenteriae and Shigella boydii strains isolated from children aged <5 years in Egypt. Epidemiol. Infect., 140:299\u2013310.","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000768"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.46818-0","article-title":"Identification of a group of shigella-like isolates as Shigella boydii 20","volume":"56","author":"Grimont F.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Grimont F., , Lejay-Collin M., , Talukder K.A., , Carle I., , Issenhuth S., , Le Roux K., , and Grimont P.A. 2007. Identification of a group of shigella-like isolates as Shigella boydii 20. J. Med. Microbiol., 56:749\u2013754.","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-010-0669-2","article-title":"Two promoters and two translation start sites control the expression of the Shigella flexneri outer membrane protease IcsP","volume":"193","author":"Hensley C.T.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hensley C.T., , Kamneva O.K., , Levy K.M., , Labahn S.K., , Africa L.A., , and Wing H.J. 2011. Two promoters and two translation start sites control the expression of the Shigella flexneri outer membrane protease IcsP. Arch. Microbiol., 193:263\u2013274.","journal-title":"Arch. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2005.02581.x","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of Shigella sonnei strains in Malaysia (1997\u20132000)","volume":"99","author":"Hoe C.H.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hoe C.H., , Yasin R.M., , Koh Y.T., , and Thong K.L. 2005. Antimicrobial susceptibility and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of Shigella sonnei strains in Malaysia (1997\u20132000). J. Appl. Microbiol., 99:133\u2013140.","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1757-4749-2-18","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance patterns and prevalence of class 1 and 2 integrons in Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei isolated in Uzbekistan","volume":"2","author":"Madiyarov R.S.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Madiyarov R.S., , Bektemirov A.M., , Ibadova G.A., , Abdukhalilova G.K., , Khodiev A.V., , Bodhidatta L., , Sethabutr O., , and Mason C.J. 2010. Antimicrobial resistance patterns and prevalence of class 1 and 2 integrons in Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei isolated in Uzbekistan. Gut Pathog., 2:18.","journal-title":"Gut Pathog."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01282-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.17795\/ijep10705","article-title":"Prevalence of Shigella species and antimicrobial resistance patterns of isolated strains from infected pediatrics in Tehran","volume":"1","author":"Mardaneh J.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mardaneh J., , Poor S.A., , and Afrugh P. 2013. Prevalence of Shigella species and antimicrobial resistance patterns of isolated strains from infected pediatrics in Tehran. Int. J. Enteric. Pathog., 1:28\u201331.","journal-title":"Int. J. Enteric. Pathog."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2010.02656.x","article-title":"Subtype prevalence, plasmid profiles and growing fluoroquinolone resistance in Shigella from Kolkata, India (2001\u20132007): a hospital-based study","volume":"15","author":"Nandy S.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nandy S., , Mitra U., , Rajendran K., , Dutta P., , and Dutta S. 2010. Subtype prevalence, plasmid profiles and growing fluoroquinolone resistance in Shigella from Kolkata, India (2001\u20132007): a hospital-based study. Trop. Med. Int. Health, 15:1499\u20131507.","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Int. Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","first-page":"93","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistence of Shigella species isolated during 2004 and 2005 from selected sites in Zimbabwe","volume":"52","author":"Ndlovu N.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ndlovu N., , Tarupiwa A., , and Mudzori J.T. 2006. Antimicrobial resistence of Shigella species isolated during 2004 and 2005 from selected sites in Zimbabwe. Cent. Afr. J. Med., 52:93\u201397.","journal-title":"Cent. Afr. J. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2007.01829.x","article-title":"Increasing antimicrobial resistance\u2014an emerging problem in the treatment of shigellosis","volume":"13","author":"Niyogi S.K.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Niyogi S.K. 2007. Increasing antimicrobial resistance\u2014an emerging problem in the treatment of shigellosis. Clin. Microbiol. Infect., 13:1141\u20131143.","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-5-54","article-title":"Epidemiological, clinical features and susceptibility pattern of shigellosis in the buea health district, Cameroon","volume":"5","author":"Njunda A.L.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Njunda A.L., , Assob J.C., , Nsagha D.S., , Kamga H.L., , Awafong M.P., , and Weledji E.P. 2012. Epidemiological, clinical features and susceptibility pattern of shigellosis in the buea health district, Cameroon. BMC Res Notes, 5:54.","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MPG.0000153006.38363.7E","article-title":"Shigella antibiotic resistance in central Turkey: comparison of the years 1987\u20131994 and 1995\u20132002","volume":"40","author":"Ozmert E.N.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ozmert E.N., , Gokturk B., , Yurdakok K., , Yalcin S.S., , and Gur D. 2005. Shigella antibiotic resistance in central Turkey: comparison of the years 1987\u20131994 and 1995\u20132002. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol Nutr., 40:359\u2013362.","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol Nutr."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl228"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.2008\/000521-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2007000200012","article-title":"Epidemiological characterization of resistance and PCR typing of Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei strains isolated from bacillary dysentery cases in Southeast Brazil","volume":"40","author":"Penatti M.P.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Penatti M.P., , Hollanda L.M., , Nakazato G., , Campos T.A., , Lancellotti M., , Angellini M., , Brocchi M., , Rocha M.M., , and Dias da Silveira W. 2007. Epidemiological characterization of resistance and PCR typing of Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei strains isolated from bacillary dysentery cases in Southeast Brazil. Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res., 40:249\u2013258. (In language.)","journal-title":"Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","first-page":"804","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility trends among Escherichia coli and Shigella spp","volume":"10","author":"Putnam S.D.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Putnam S.D., , Riddle M.S., , Wierzba T.F., , Pittner B.T., , Elyazeed R.A., , El-Gendy A., , Rao M.R., , Clemens J.D., , and Frenck R.W. 2004. Antimicrobial susceptibility trends among Escherichia coli and Shigella spp. isolated from rural Egyptian paediatric populations with diarrhoea between 1995 and 2000. Clin. Microbiol. Infect., 10:804\u2013810.","journal-title":"isolated from rural Egyptian paediatric populations with diarrhoea between 1995 and 2000. Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00032-07"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S458","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis230","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Shigella isolates in Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) sites, 2000\u20132010","volume":"54","author":"Shiferaw B.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shiferaw B., , Solghan S., , Palmer A., , Joyce K., , Barzilay E.J., , Krueger A., , and Cieslak P. 2012. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Shigella isolates in Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) sites, 2000\u20132010. Clin. Infect. Dis., 54(Suppl 5):S458\u2013S463.","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4067\/S0716-97602010000200001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","first-page":"64","volume-title":"Laboratory Methods in Antimicrobial Chemotherapy.","author":"Sykes R.B.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Sykes R.B. 1978. Methods for detecting B-lactamases. In Reeves D.S., , Phillips I., , Williams J.D., , and Wise R. (eds.), Laboratory Methods in Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. Churchill Livingstone, New York, pp. 64\u201369."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e82601","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082601","article-title":"Changing trends in the prevalence of Shigella species: emergence of multi-drug resistant Shigella sonnei biotype g in Bangladesh","volume":"8","author":"Ud-Din A.I.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ud-Din A.I., , Wahid S.U., , Latif H.A., , Shahnaij M., , Akter M., , Azmi I.J., , Hasan T.N., , Ahmed D., , Hossain M.A., , Faruque A.S., et al. 2013. Changing trends in the prevalence of Shigella species: emergence of multi-drug resistant Shigella sonnei biotype g in Bangladesh. PLoS One, 8:e82601.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02460-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2009.0130"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","first-page":"59","article-title":"Acute non-outbreak shigellosis: ten years experience in southern Taiwan","volume":"32","author":"Wu C.H.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wu C.H., , Huang L.T., , Huang I.F., , Liu J.W., , Chen J.B., , Liang C.D., , Hwang K.P., , and Tiao M.M. 2009. Acute non-outbreak shigellosis: ten years experience in southern Taiwan. Chang Gung Med. J., 32:59\u201365.","journal-title":"Chang Gung Med. J."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00614-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0044-8486(02)00169-2","article-title":"Characterization of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene by multiplex polymerase chain reaction in multidrug-resistant strains isolated from aquatic environments","volume":"217","author":"Yoo M.H.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Yoo M.H., , Huh M.D., , Kim E.H., , Lee H.H., , and Jeong H.D. 2003. Characterization of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene by multiplex polymerase chain reaction in multidrug-resistant strains isolated from aquatic environments. Aquaculture, 217:11\u201321.","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","first-page":"56","article-title":"Multi-drug resistance and characteristic of integrons in Shigella spp","volume":"24","author":"Zhu J.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhu J., , Duan G., , Yang H., , Fan Q., , and Xi Y. 2011. Multi-drug resistance and characteristic of integrons in Shigella spp. isolated from China. Biomed. Environ. Sci., 24:56\u201361.","journal-title":"isolated from China. Biomed. Environ. Sci."}],"container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/mdr.2014.0187","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/mdr.2014.0187","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/mdr.2014.0187","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:28:57Z","timestamp":1777667337000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1089\/mdr.2014.0187"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/mdr.2014.0187"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/mdr.2014.0187","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.732599588.793542321","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1076-6294","1931-8448"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1076-6294","type":"print"},{"value":"1931-8448","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]}}}