{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T19:12:53Z","timestamp":1791141173872,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]],"date-time":"2015-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1433116800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The infections caused by extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL)-producing organisms are associated with increased mortality. The real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, which enables detection of ESBLs directly from patients' clinical material, was developed. This study focused on\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>SHV<\/jats:sub>\n                    determination in endotracheal aspirates. Each sample was identified with standard microbiological procedures and simultaneously analyzed for the presence of nucleic acids, which encode CTX-M and SHV ESBL enzymes using real-time PCR. A total of 341 samples were investigated. In the set, 27 ESBL-positive samples were identified by phenotypic methods, while 60 positive samples were identified by the PCR method. Of the 60 PCR-positive samples, 58 were positive for the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n                    . In two samples, the ESBL\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>SHV-ESBL<\/jats:sub>\n                    gene was detected. One phenotypically positive sample was PCR negative. The real-time PCR assay does not require a cultivation step and therefore enables detection of ESBL in 6 hours. The rapid method is necessary for early and adequate antimicrobial treatment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2014.0210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,14]],"date-time":"2015-01-14T14:24:57Z","timestamp":1421245497000},"page":"352-357","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Application of Molecular Diagnostics in Primary Detection of ESBL Directly from Clinical Specimens"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Martina","family":"Sittov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Masaryk University","place":["Czech Republic"]},{"name":"GeneProof a.s., Brno, Czech Republic."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdal\u00e9na","family":"R\u00f6derov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Palack\u00fd University Olomouc","place":["Czech Republic"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milo\u0161","family":"Dendis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GeneProof a.s., Brno, Czech Republic."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krist\u00fdna","family":"Hricov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Palack\u00fd University Olomouc","place":["Czech Republic"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vendula","family":"Pudov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Palack\u00fd University Olomouc","place":["Czech Republic"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radek","family":"Horv\u00e1th","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GeneProof a.s., Brno, Czech Republic."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filip","family":"R\u016f\u017ei\u010dka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Masaryk University","place":["Czech Republic"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0160\u00e1rka","family":"Dosoudilov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GeneProof a.s., Brno, Czech Republic."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milan","family":"Kol\u00e1\u0159","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Palack\u00fd University Olomouc","place":["Czech Republic"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.46704-0","article-title":"A CTX-M extended-spectrum beta-lactamase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia","volume":"55","author":"al aiemi N.","year":"2006","unstructured":"al aiemi N., , Duim B., , and Bart A. 2006. A CTX-M extended-spectrum beta-lactamase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. J. Med. Microbiol., 55:1607\u20131608.","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.293.3263","article-title":"Detection of SHV type extended-spectrum B-lactamase and risk factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates","volume":"29","author":"Bahmani N.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bahmani N., , and Ramazanzadeh R. 2013. Detection of SHV type extended-spectrum B-lactamase and risk factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates. Pak. J. Med. Sci., 29:788\u2013792.","journal-title":"Pak. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.46909-0","article-title":"Real-time TaqMan PCR for rapid detection and typing of genes encoding CTX-M extended-spectrum beta-lactamases","volume":"56","author":"Birkett C.I.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Birkett C.I., , Ludlam H.A., , Woodford N., , Brown D.F., , Brown N.M., , Roberts M.T., , Milner N., , and Curran M.D. 2007. Real-time TaqMan PCR for rapid detection and typing of genes encoding CTX-M extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. J. Med. Microbiol., 56:52\u201355.","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.4.933-951.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl055","article-title":"Spread of bla(CTX-M-type) and bla(PER-2) beta-lactamase genes in clinical isolates from Bolivian hospitals","volume":"57","author":"Celenza G.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Celenza G., , Pellegrini C., , Caccamo M., , Segatore B., , Amicosante G., , and Perilli M. 2006. Spread of bla(CTX-M-type) and bla(PER-2) beta-lactamase genes in clinical isolates from Bolivian hospitals. J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 57:975\u2013978.","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2856","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.10.2856-2861.2001","article-title":"SHV-1 beta-lactamase is mainly a chromosomally encoded species-specific enzyme in Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"45","author":"Chaves J.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chaves J., , Ladona M.G., , Segura C., , Coira A., , Reig R., , and Ampurdanes C. 2001. SHV-1 beta-lactamase is mainly a chromosomally encoded species-specific enzyme in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 45:2856\u20132861.","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4486","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.9.4486-4491.2005","article-title":"Development of a multiplex PCR and SHV melting-curve mutation detection system for detection of some SHV and CTX-M beta-lactamases of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter cloacae in Taiwan","volume":"43","author":"Chia J.H.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chia J.H., , Chu C., , Su L.H., , Chiu C.H., , Kuo A.J., , Sun C.F., , and Wu T.L. 2005. Development of a multiplex PCR and SHV melting-curve mutation detection system for detection of some SHV and CTX-M beta-lactamases of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter cloacae in Taiwan. J. Clin. Microbiol., 43:4486\u20134491.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp498"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1111\/1574-6941.12149","article-title":"Extended spectrum beta-lactamase and fluoroquinolone resistance genes and plasmids among Escherichia coli isolates from zoo animals, Czech Republic","volume":"85","author":"Dobiasova H.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dobiasova H., , Dolejska M., , Jamborova I., , Brhelova E., , Blazkova L., , Papousek I., , Kozlova M., , Klimes J., , Cizek A., , and Literak I. 2013. Extended spectrum beta-lactamase and fluoroquinolone resistance genes and plasmids among Escherichia coli isolates from zoo animals, Czech Republic. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol., 85:604\u2013611.","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Ecol."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.07.016","article-title":"Dissemination of IncFII(K)-type plasmids in multiresistant CTX-M-15-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates from children in hospital paediatric oncology wards","volume":"40","author":"Dolejska M.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dolejska M., , Brhelova E., , Dobiasova H., , Krivdova J., , Jurankova J., , Sevcikova A., , Dubska L., , Literak I., , Cizek A., , and Vavrina M., et al. 2012. Dissemination of IncFII(K)-type plasmids in multiresistant CTX-M-15-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates from children in hospital paediatric oncology wards. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents, 40:510\u2013515.","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). 2014. Antimicrobial resistance interactive database (EARS-Net). Available at www.ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/pages\/home.aspx (Online.) Accessed on July10 2014."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S373","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir054","article-title":"Are we ready for novel detection methods to treat respiratory pathogens in hospital-acquired pneumonia?","volume":"52","author":"Endimiani A.H.K.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Endimiani A.H.K., , Hujer A.M., , Kurz S., , Jacobs M.R., , Perlin D.S., , and Bonomo R.A.. 2011. Are we ready for novel detection methods to treat respiratory pathogens in hospital-acquired pneumonia?. Clin. Infect. Dis., 52:S373\u2013S383.","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","unstructured":"EUCAST. 2014. Clinical Breakpoints. Available at www.eucast.org\/clinical_breakpoints (Online.) Accessed on July13 2014."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3353","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00901-09","article-title":"International clones of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli with extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in a Czech hospital","volume":"47","author":"Hrabak J.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hrabak J., , Empel J., , Bergerova T., , Fajfrlik K., , Urbaskova P., , Kern-Zdanowicz I., , Hryniewicz W., , and Gniadkowski M. 2009. International clones of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli with extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in a Czech hospital. J. Clin. Microbiol., 47:3353\u20133357.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"BR147","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.881761","article-title":"Phenotypic detection of broad-spectrum beta-lactamases in microbiological practice","volume":"17","author":"Htoutou Sedlakova M.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Htoutou Sedlakova M., , Hanulik V., , Chroma M., , Hricova K., , Kolar M., , Latal T., , Schaumann R., , and Rodloff A.C. 2011. Phenotypic detection of broad-spectrum beta-lactamases in microbiological practice. Med. Sci. Monit., 17:BR147\u2013BR152.","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3690","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)53748-0","article-title":"Role of Ser-238 and Lys-240 in the hydrolysis of third-generation cephalosporins by SHV-type beta-lactamases probed by site-directed mutagenesis and three-dimensional modeling","volume":"268","author":"Huletsky A.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Huletsky A., , Knox J.R., , and Levesque R.C. 1993. Role of Ser-238 and Lys-240 in the hydrolysis of third-generation cephalosporins by SHV-type beta-lactamases probed by site-directed mutagenesis and three-dimensional modeling. J. Biol. Chem., 268:3690\u20133697.","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","unstructured":"Jacoby G. and Bush K. 2014. \u03b2-Lactamase Classification and Amino Acid Sequences for TEM SHV and OXA Extended-Spectrum and Inhibitor Resistant Enzymes. Available at www.lahey.org\/studies\/ (Online.) Accessed on July10 2014."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/10.4.867"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","first-page":"313","article-title":"Multiplex PCR for bla(CTX-M) & bla(SHV) in the extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing gram-negative isolates","volume":"128","author":"Jemima S.A.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jemima S.A., , and Verghese S. 2008. Multiplex PCR for bla(CTX-M) & bla(SHV) in the extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing gram-negative isolates. Indian J. Med. Res., 128:313\u2013317.","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/1574-6968.12422","article-title":"Detecting the presence of bacterial DNA by PCR can be useful in diagnosing culture-negative cases of infection, especially in patients with suspected infection and antibiotic therapy","volume":"354","author":"Lleo M.M.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lleo M.M., , Ghidini V., , Tafi M.C., , Castellani F., , Trento I., , and Boaretti M. 2014. Detecting the presence of bacterial DNA by PCR can be useful in diagnosing culture-negative cases of infection, especially in patients with suspected infection and antibiotic therapy. FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 354:153\u2013160.","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2013.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.6.2206-2212.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.38.4.767"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2225","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01602-08","article-title":"Further identification of CTX-M-2 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"53","author":"Picao R.C.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Picao R.C., , Poirel L., , Gales A.C., , and Nordmann P. 2009. Further identification of CTX-M-2 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 53:2225\u20132226.","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2009.06.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-12-176","article-title":"Detection of P. aeruginosa harboring bla CTX-M-2, bla GES-1 and bla GES-5, bla IMP-1 and bla SPM-1 causing infections in Brazilian tertiary-care hospital","volume":"12","author":"Polotto M.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Polotto M., , Casella T., , de Lucca Oliveira M.G., , Rubio F.G., , Nogueira M.L., , de Almeida M.T., , and Nogueira M.C. 2012. Detection of P. aeruginosa harboring bla CTX-M-2, bla GES-1 and bla GES-5, bla IMP-1 and bla SPM-1 causing infections in Brazilian tertiary-care hospital. BMC Infect. Dis., 12:176.","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2007.03648.x","article-title":"Evaluation of a protocol for molecular broad-range diagnosis of culture-negative bacterial infections in clinical routine diagnosis","volume":"104","author":"Schabereiter-Gurtner C.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Schabereiter-Gurtner C., , Nehr M., , Apfalter P., , Makristathis A., , Rotter M.L., , and Hirschl A.M. 2008. Evaluation of a protocol for molecular broad-range diagnosis of culture-negative bacterial infections in clinical routine diagnosis. J. Appl. Microbiol., 104:1228\u20131237.","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."}],"container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/mdr.2014.0210","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/mdr.2014.0210","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/mdr.2014.0210","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:29:00Z","timestamp":1777667340000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1089\/mdr.2014.0210"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/mdr.2014.0210"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/mdr.2014.0210","relation":{},"ISSN":["1076-6294","1931-8448"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1076-6294","type":"print"},{"value":"1931-8448","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]}}}