{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T21:40:11Z","timestamp":1790286011311,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,1]],"date-time":"2015-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1443657600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Previous studies indicate that macrolide resistance in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Moraxella catarrhalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates is less common in adults than in children. However, few studies have investigated\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. catarrhalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    macrolide resistance mechanisms in adult patients. In this study, 124\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. catarrhalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates were collected from adult patients in a Chinese tertiary hospital, between 2010 and 2013, and investigated for antimicrobial resistance. We found that only seven isolates were macrolide resistant and all exhibited high-level macrolide resistance (minimum inhibitory concentrations &gt;256\u2009\u03bcg\/ml). Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) suggested that\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. catarrhalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    has a diverse population; in particular, both pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and MLST revealed that all the seven high-level macrolide-resistant\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. catarrhalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    belonged to different clones. A 934-bp 23S rRNA gene sequencing showed that only nine isolates (including all the seven macrolide-resistant isolates) had mutations within the studied region, and only the seven macrolide-resistant isolates had mutation of A2330T. No other known macrolide-resistance determinant genes (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ermA<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ermB<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mefA<\/jats:italic>\n                    , or\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mefE<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) were detected. These findings support previous studies in children on\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. catarrhalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    macrolide-resistant isolates and suggest that the 23S rRNA gene A2330T mutation is responsible for the high\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. catarrhalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    macrolide resistance. The findings prompted us to successfully develop a simple allele-specific polymerase chain reaction assay for high-level macrolide-resistant 23S rRNA gene A2330T mutation for future clinical and further surveillance use.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2014.0217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,29]],"date-time":"2015-04-29T12:38:07Z","timestamp":1430311087000},"page":"507-511","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["High-Level Macrolide-Resistant\n                    <i>Moraxella catarrhalis<\/i>\n                    and Development of an Allele-Specific PCR Assay for Detection of 23S rRNA Gene A2330T Mutation: A Three-Year Study at a Chinese Tertiary Hospital"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Yali","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking Union Medical College","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heping","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhipeng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking Union Medical College","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Kudinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles Sturt University","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"University of Sydney","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking Union Medical College","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking Union Medical College","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanrong","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sydney","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongli","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking Union Medical College","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingchun","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking Union Medical College","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","first-page":"233","article-title":"Bronchopulmonary infection due to Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis at a specialist hospital in Saudi Arabia","volume":"30","author":"Ahmad S.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ahmad S. 1998. 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