{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:11:16Z","timestamp":1790727076194,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]],"date-time":"2015-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448928000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Use of antibiotics in food animals may contribute to development and spread of resistant organisms, particularly so in some countries. The aim of this study was two-fold; first, to establish the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    in chicken production in a region within Romania. Second, to study the relatedness of ESBL-producing\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates recovered from broilers, abattoir workers where the chickens were slaughtered and from the human clinical specimens from two regional hospitals. The results indicated a very high (69%) rate of carriage of ESBL and AmpC-producing\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    in chickens with 36% CTX-M producers. Sequencing showed that chickens in Romania have the highest worldwide prevalence (53%) of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M-15<\/jats:sub>\n                    reported in poultry\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates. The majority (53%) of the extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    carried plasmid-mediated\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>ampC<\/jats:sub>\n                    genes, mostly\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CMY-2<\/jats:sub>\n                    type, one of the highest prevalences reported in Europe. The predominant CTX-M type found in the human clinical\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates was\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M-15<\/jats:sub>\n                    and most isolates coharbored\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>OXA-1<\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>TEM<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">aac(6\u2032)-ib-cr<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The majority (60%) of the human clinical isolates belonged to the pandemic virulent clone B2-ST131. The clonal relationship between broiler and the human CTX-M-producing\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates was assessed by macrorestriction pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST), which indicated strain diversity with no common STs found between human and poultry isolates. Moreover, IncI1 was the most prevalent replicon found in broiler ESBL-producing\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates and also in transconjugants, indicating that plasmids and not clonal spread may play a role in the transfer of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n                    genes. This study identifies a high prevalence of ESBL-producing\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    from broiler chickens in Romania with a high occurrence incidence of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M-15<\/jats:sub>\n                    , which reflects the main ESBL type found in human\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    infections in this country.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2014.0248","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,3]],"date-time":"2015-03-03T11:34:42Z","timestamp":1425382482000},"page":"651-662","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["High Prevalence of\n                    <i>Escherichia coli-<\/i>\n                    Producing CTX-M-15 Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases in Poultry and Human Clinical Isolates in Romania"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Iuliana E.","family":"Maciuca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Liverpool","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"University of Agronomical Sciences and Veterinary Medicine","place":["Romania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola J.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Liverpool","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Tuchilus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T. Popa,\u201d","place":["Romania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivia","family":"Dorneanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T. Popa,\u201d","place":["Romania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Guguianu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Agronomical Sciences and Veterinary Medicine","place":["Romania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catalin","family":"Carp-Carare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Agronomical Sciences and Veterinary Medicine","place":["Romania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Rimbu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Agronomical Sciences and Veterinary Medicine","place":["Romania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorina","family":"Timofte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Liverpool","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"University of Agronomical Sciences and Veterinary Medicine","place":["Romania"]},{"name":"University of Liverpool","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Occurrence, selection and spread of resistance to antimicrobial agents used for growth promotion for food animals in Denmark","volume":"101","author":"Aarestrup F.M.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Aarestrup F.M. 2000. 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