{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T16:01:59Z","timestamp":1791302519614,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,1]],"date-time":"2015-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1443657600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Carbapenems are last-resort antibiotics to handle serious infections caused by multiresistant bacteria. The incidence of resistance to these antibiotics has been increasing and new resistance mechanisms have emerged. The dissemination of carbapenem resistance in the environment has been overlooked. The main goal of this research was to assess the prevalence and diversity of carbapenem-resistant bacteria in riverine ecosystems. The presence of frequently reported carbapenemase-encoding genes was inspected. The proportion of imipenem-resistant bacteria was on average 2.24\u2009CFU\/ml. Imipenem-resistant strains (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    =110) were identified as\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp.,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Stenotrophomonas maltophilia<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Aeromonas<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp.,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Chromobacterium haemolyticum<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Shewanella xiamenensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and members of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Carbapenem-resistant bacteria were highly resistant to other beta-lactams such as quinolones, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, tetracyclines, and sulfamethoxazole\/trimethoprim. Carbapenem resistance was mostly associated with intrinsically resistant bacteria. As intrinsic resistance mechanisms, we have identified the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CphA<\/jats:sub>\n                    gene in 77.3% of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Aeromonas<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp.,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>L1<\/jats:sub>\n                    in all\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. maltophilia<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>OXA-48-like<\/jats:sub>\n                    in all\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. xiamenensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . As acquired resistance mechanisms, we have detected the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>VIM-2<\/jats:sub>\n                    gene in six\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. (5.45%). Integrons with gene cassettes encoding resistance to aminoglycosides (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">aacA<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">aacC<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes), trimethoprim (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">dfrB1b<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), and carbapenems (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>VIM-2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) were found in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. Results suggest that carbapenem resistance dissemination in riverine ecosystems is still at an early stage. Nevertheless, monitoring these aquatic compartments for the presence of resistance genes and its host organisms is essential to outline strategies to minimize resistance dissemination.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2015.0072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,2]],"date-time":"2015-10-02T15:58:57Z","timestamp":1443801537000},"page":"497-506","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Low Prevalence of Carbapenem-Resistant Bacteria in River Water: Resistance Is Mostly Related to Intrinsic Mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Marta","family":"Tac\u00e3o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Aveiro","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"University of Aveiro","place":["Portugal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Aveiro","place":["Portugal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel S.","family":"Henriques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Aveiro","place":["Portugal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.17.3389"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00426","article-title":"Seawater is a reservoir of multi-resistant Escherichia coli, including strains hosting plasmid-mediated quinolones resistance and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases genes","volume":"5","author":"Alves M.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Alves M., , Pereira A., , Ara\u00fajo S.M., , Castro B.B., , Correia A., , and Henriques I. 2014. 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