{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T23:53:50Z","timestamp":1790294030112,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]],"date-time":"2016-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1464739200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The objectives of the present study were to investigate the carbapenemase and metallo-beta-lactamase genes of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                    clinical isolates by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real time PCR and to determine the molecular epidemiology of the strains using the DiversiLab tool. From these data, correlations between drug resistance, resistance genes, and epidemiological clones may be revealed. The study was conducted on 125\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                    collected over the 2013 year. The majority of the isolates from both intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU cases originated from pneumonia infections (79.2%), isolates from blood infections accounted for 17.6% and 3.2% were from meningitis infections. In the ICU cases compared with the non-ICU cases, bloodstream infections were more frequently diagnosed (19.2% vs. 11.5%). Sixty percent of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains were resistant to all the antimicrobials tested with the exception of colistin. All strains were susceptible to colistin and polymyxin B. Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains accounted for 80.8% of the isolates tested and these XDR strains were more frequently isolated from ICU cases than from non-ICU cases (93.9% vs. 30.8%). Among the 101 isolates of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                    exhibiting the XDR pattern of resistance, 80 possessed the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>OXA-24<\/jats:sub>\n                    gene and 29 had the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>OXA-23<\/jats:sub>\n                    gene. Only two isolates possessed the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>VIM<\/jats:sub>\n                    gene. The presence of the IS\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Aba1<\/jats:italic>\n                    element was confirmed among 10 strains from patients hospitalized in the ICU. Using repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence PCR (DiversiLab typing), six clones and 12 unique strains were identified, of which two clones dominated. Most isolates belonging to clone 1 (66.7%) and clone 2 (85.5%) were susceptible only to colistin. In summary, it is clear from our findings and those of other studies that carbapenem resistance among\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains presents a serious clinical problem worldwide. Furthermore, the presence of XDR international clone II in ICUs poses a potential risk for future outbreaks of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection and controlling\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                    infections in hospitals presents a serious challenge.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2015.0224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,8]],"date-time":"2016-01-08T23:36:05Z","timestamp":1452296165000},"page":"328-335","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Molecular Epidemiology and Drug Resistance of\n                    <i>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/i>\n                    Isolated from Hospitals in Southern Poland: ICU as a Risk Factor for XDR Strains"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Chmielarczyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jagiellonian University Medical College","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Pilarczyk-\u017burek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jagiellonian University Medical College","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanda","family":"Kami\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Children's Memorial Health Institute","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Pobiega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jagiellonian University Medical College","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorota","family":"Romaniszyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jagiellonian University Medical College","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Zi\u00f3\u0142kowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Higher School of Medicine in Sosnowiec","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jadwiga","family":"W\u00f3jkowska-Mach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jagiellonian University Medical College","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Bulanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jagiellonian University Medical College","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"AB bioMerieux. 2009. 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