{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T14:02:50Z","timestamp":1781100170025,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,23]],"date-time":"2017-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1487808000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    Enteritidis has emerged as a global concern regarding quinolone resistance and invasive potential. Although quinolone-resistant\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Enteritidis has been observed with high frequency in Thailand, information on the mechanism of resistance acquisition is limited. To elucidate the mechanism, a total of 158 clinical isolates of nalidixic acid (NAL)-resistant\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Enteritidis were collected throughout Thailand, and the quinolone resistance determinants were investigated in the context of resistance levels to NAL, norfloxacin (NOR), and ciprofloxacin (CIP). The analysis of point mutations in type II topoisomerase genes and the detection of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes showed that all but two harbored a\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">gyrA<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutation, the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">qnrS1<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene, or both. The most commonly affected codon in mutant gyrA was 87, followed by 83. Double codon mutation in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">gyrA<\/jats:italic>\n                    was found in an isolate with high-level resistance to NAL, NOR, and CIP. A new mutation causing serine to isoleucine substitution at codon 83 was identified in eight isolates. In addition to eighteen\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">qnrS1<\/jats:italic>\n                    -carrying isolates showing nontypical quinolone resistance, one carrying both the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">qnrS1<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene and a\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">gyrA<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutation also showed a high level of resistance. Genotyping by multilocus variable number of tandem repeat analysis suggested a possible clonal expansion of NAL-resistant strains nationwide. Our data suggested that NAL-resistant isolates with single quinolone resistance determinant may potentially become fluoroquinolone resistant by acquiring secondary determinants. Restricted therapeutic and farming usage of quinolones is strongly recommended to prevent the emergence of fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2015.0234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,23]],"date-time":"2017-02-23T12:53:04Z","timestamp":1487854384000},"page":"885-894","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Quinolone Resistance Determinants of Clinical\n                    <i>Salmonella<\/i>\n                    Enteritidis in Thailand"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Fuangfa","family":"Utrarachkij","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mahidol University","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chie","family":"Nakajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Hokkaido University","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruchirada","family":"Changkwanyeun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanokrat","family":"Siripanichgon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mahidol University","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siriporn","family":"Kongsoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srirat","family":"Pornruangwong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Health","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanjana","family":"Changkaew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thammasat University","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Risa","family":"Tsunoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rakuno Gakuen University","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yutaka","family":"Tamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rakuno Gakuen University","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orasa","family":"Suthienkul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mahidol University","place":["Thailand"]},{"name":"Thammasat University","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuhiko","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Hokkaido University","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"International Food Safety Authorities Network. 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