{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T13:46:31Z","timestamp":1791726391498,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,1]],"date-time":"2016-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480550400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The present investigation was carried out to study the vancomycin resistance pattern of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009274) obtained from 352 milk samples of bovine (269) and caprine (63) clinical and subclinical mastitis from different districts of West Bengal, India. Of them, seven isolates (vancomycin-resistant\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    [VRSA] 1\u20137) exhibited resistance to vancomycin. Minimum inhibitory concentration of vancomycin (MIC\n                    <jats:sub>van<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) for VRSA2 and VRSA3 was \u226516\u2009\u03bcg\/ml; thus categorized as VRSA. For rest of the isolates, MIC\n                    <jats:sub>van<\/jats:sub>\n                    was 8\u2009\u03bcg\/ml and they were grouped as vancomycin intermediate\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (VISA). Even though all the isolates were resistant to cefoxitin and oxacillin and possessed\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mecA<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene, none of them carried vancomycin resistance gene. Furthermore, all the seven isolates were subjected to\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcal<\/jats:italic>\n                    cassette chromosome mec (SCC\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mec<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) typing,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcal<\/jats:italic>\n                    protein A (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">spa<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) typing, and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction. All the isolates except VRSA3 and VRSA4 from Kolkata district exhibited diverse genetic lineage, irrespective of their host and antibiotic resistance pattern. These two isolates showed clonal similarity (MRSA-SCC\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mec-<\/jats:italic>\n                    V-\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">spa<\/jats:italic>\n                    t267) with methicillin-resistant\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (MRSA) strains previously reported in human and animal infection. Isolation of VRSA and VISA could probably be due to intensive use of vancomycin in healthcare premises, which might have led to the development of glycopeptide-resistant strains and thereafter, further disseminated in the environment, including livestock farms. Detection of VRSA in milk is a serious concern as it may further cause health problems in the consumers. This is the first ever report of VRSA in food animals, even though the pathogen is otherwise prevalent in humans.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2015.0330","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,18]],"date-time":"2016-03-18T20:16:15Z","timestamp":1458332175000},"page":"675-681","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["First Report on Vancomycin-Resistant\n                    <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>\n                    in Bovine and Caprine Milk"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Debaraj","family":"Bhattacharyya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaydeep","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samiran","family":"Bandyopadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bimalendu","family":"Mondal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pramod K.","family":"Nanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Indranil","family":"Samanta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WBUAFS","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Achintya","family":"Mahanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WBUAFS","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arun K.","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunjan","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Sciences & A.H","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Premanshu","family":"Dandapat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subhasish","family":"Bandyopadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-11-138","article-title":"MRSA prevalence in European healthcare settings: a review","volume":"11","author":"Dulon M.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dulon M., , Haamann F., , Peters C., , Schablon A., , and Nienhaus A. 2011. 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