{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T07:16:04Z","timestamp":1785568564691,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488326400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This first nationwide study was conducted to analyze the prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes in phenotypically unselected (consecutive) clinical enterobacteria. We studied 1,058 isolates that had been consecutively collected in 66 hospitals of the WHONET-Argentina Resistance Surveillance Network. Overall, 26% of isolates were nonsusceptible to at least one of the three quinolones tested (nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin). The overall prevalence of PMQR genes was 8.1% (4.6% for\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">aac(6\u2032)-Ib-cr<\/jats:italic>\n                    ; 3.9% for\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">qnr<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes; and 0.4% for\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">oqxA<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">oqxB<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which were not previously reported in enterobacteria other than\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. from Argentina). The PMQR prevalence was highly variable among the enterobacterial species or when the different genes were considered. The prevalent PMQR genes were located in class 1 integrons [\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">qnrB2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">qnrB10<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">aac(6\u2032)-Ib-cr<\/jats:italic>\n                    ]; in the ColE1-type plasmid pPAB19-1 or Tn\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">2012<\/jats:italic>\n                    -like transposons (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">qnrB19<\/jats:italic>\n                    ); and in Tn\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">6238<\/jats:italic>\n                    or bracketed by IS\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">26<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>OXA-1<\/jats:sub>\n                    [\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">aac(6\u2032)-Ib-cr<\/jats:italic>\n                    ]. The mutations associated with quinolone resistance that were located in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR mutations) of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">gyrA<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">parC<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">gyrB<\/jats:italic>\n                    were also investigated. The occurrence of QRDR mutations was significantly associated with the presence of PMQR genes: At least one QRDR mutation was present in 82% of the PMQR-harboring isolates but in only 23% of those without PMQR genes (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001, Fisher's Test). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the prevalence of PMQR genes in consecutive clinical enterobacteria where all the genes currently known have been screened.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2016.0033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,11]],"date-time":"2016-10-11T17:08:53Z","timestamp":1476205733000},"page":"177-187","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Prevalence of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance Genes in Clinical Enterobacteria from Argentina"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Ezequiel","family":"Albornoz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas\u2014ANLIS \u201cDr. Carlos G. 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Malbr\u00e1n,\u201d","place":["Argentina"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Paula","family":"Quiroga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Buenos Aires\u2014Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y Tecnol\u00f3gicas (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET)","place":["Argentina"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melina","family":"Rapoport","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas\u2014ANLIS \u201cDr. Carlos G. Malbr\u00e1n,\u201d","place":["Argentina"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonor","family":"Guerriero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas\u2014ANLIS \u201cDr. Carlos G. 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