{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T00:44:11Z","timestamp":1784162651725,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,17]],"date-time":"2017-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1492387200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The objective was to characterize a group of clinical isolates of fluoroquinolone-resistant\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Haemophilus parainfluenzae<\/jats:italic>\n                      collected in Northern Spain (March\u2013December 2014).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twelve clinical isolates of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">H. parainfluenzae<\/jats:italic>\n                      were studied by performing antimicrobial susceptibility testing and PCR amplification and nucleotide sequencing of the QRDR (quinolone resistance-determining region) of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">gyrA<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">parC<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">gyrB<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">parE<\/jats:italic>\n                      genes. Screening for plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) was also studied. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used for molecular typing.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that all the isolates were resistant to the fluoroquinolones tested (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, norfloxacin, and moxifloxacin). Analysis of the QRDR demonstrated that all the isolates presented mutations in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">gyrA<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">parC<\/jats:italic>\n                      . A Glu88Lys substitution in ParC is reported for the first time in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">H. parainfluenzae<\/jats:italic>\n                      . No PMQR gene was detected. PFGE results showed that isolates were not clonally related.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Multiple\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">H. parainfluenzae<\/jats:italic>\n                      fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates grouped in the same area in a short period of time showed diverse substitutions in QRDR of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">gyrA<\/jats:italic>\n                      \/\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">parC<\/jats:italic>\n                      and were not clonally related, indicating individual emergence. In addition, we described the first report of Glu88Lys substitution in ParC.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2016.0186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,17]],"date-time":"2017-04-17T14:29:34Z","timestamp":1492439374000},"page":"935-939","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Molecular Characterization of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant\n                    <i>Haemophilus parainfluenzae<\/i>\n                    Clinical Isolates in Spain"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Inmaculada","family":"L\u00f3pez-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Virgen Macarena","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Machuca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Virgen Macarena","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"D\u00edaz de Alba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Virgen Macarena","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Sarvis\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Joan XXIII","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederic","family":"G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Joan XXIII","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Seville","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alvaro","family":"Pascual","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Virgen Macarena","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"University of Seville","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2015.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2011.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","first-page":"608","article-title":"Purulent pericarditis caused by Haemophilus parainfluenzae","volume":"40","author":"Latyshev Y.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Latyshev Y., , Mathew A., , Jacobson J.M., , and Sturm E. 2013. Purulent pericarditis caused by Haemophilus parainfluenzae. Tex Heart Inst. J., 40:608\u2013611.","journal-title":"Tex Heart Inst. 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Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Twenty-Fifth Informational Supplement. CLSI document M100-S25. Wayne PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute 2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.2011.03048.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.000083"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","volume-title":"Abstract presented at the 32nd World Congress of Biomedical Laboratory Science","author":"Chang C.L.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chang C.L. 2016. The mechanisms of levofloxacin-resistant Haemophilus parainfluenzae. Abstract presented at the 32nd World Congress of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Kobe (Japan), August 31\u2013September 4. Abstract no. 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