{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T13:11:18Z","timestamp":1791292278693,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,18]],"date-time":"2017-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1484697600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This study was conducted to evaluate the rate of fecal carriage of Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) resistant to third-generation cephalosporins (third GC) in patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) of Charles Nicolle Hospital of Tunis and to identify the enzymatic mechanisms involved. From February to April 2014, rectal swabs were collected from all patients (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200938) at admission and once weekly thereafter to identify acquisition. They were cultured on desoxycholate-lactose-agar plates supplemented with cefotaxime (2\u2009mg\/L). The rate of fecal carriage of GNB resistant to third GC was 0% (0\/38) at admission and the acquisition rate was 45.16% (14\/31). Nineteen GNB resistant to C3G were collected from 14 patients. The major species collected were\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20095),\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20095), and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Enterobacter cloacae<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20095). Thirteen extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL) producing GNB were found; CTX-M-15 (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200910) and CTX-M-14 (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091) among\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Enterobacteriacae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and GES-12 (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20092) among\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Ten strains were carbapenem resistant. OXA-48 (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20094) and NDM-1 (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091) were detected among\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Enterobacteriacae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and OXA-23 (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20095), and GES-11 (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091) were detected in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Gene encoding the ACT-16\u2009AmpC-type-\u03b2-lactamase was detected in two isolates. All\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates were assigned to group B2. Among virulence genes, prevalence of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">fimH<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">fuyA<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ompT<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">pai<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">usp<\/jats:italic>\n                    were highest observed in all\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates. Among\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">K. pneumoniae mrkD<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">entB<\/jats:italic>\n                    were the most frequent (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20095) followed by\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ybtS<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20094) and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">kfu<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20092). This study revealed a high prevalence of fecal carriage of multidrug-resistant GNB, including ESBLs, carbapenemases, and cephalosporinases producing bacteria in patients hospitalized in ICU.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2016.0205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,18]],"date-time":"2017-01-18T15:10:30Z","timestamp":1484752230000},"page":"695-702","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Rectal Carriage of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase and Carbapenemase Producing Gram-Negative Bacilli in Intensive Care Units in Tunisia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Samia","family":"Hammami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Tunis El Manar"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Carthage"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaima","family":"Dahdeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Tunis El Manar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelthoum","family":"Mamlouk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Tunis El Manar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sana","family":"Ferjeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Tunis El Manar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elaa","family":"Maamar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Tunis El Manar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeineb","family":"Hamzaoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Tunis El Manar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mabrouka","family":"Saidani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Tunis El Manar"},{"name":"H\u00f4pital Charles Nicolle de Tunis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salma","family":"Ghedira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles Nicolle de Tunis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Houissa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles Nicolle de Tunis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amin","family":"Slim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Tunis El Manar"},{"name":"H\u00f4pital Charles Nicolle de Tunis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilhem","family":"Boutiba-Ben Boubaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Tunis El Manar"},{"name":"H\u00f4pital Charles Nicolle de Tunis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp046"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc9062"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.18.4.657-686.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1992.tb05474.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.11.3679-3682.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/313511"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2007.01850.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2009.50.6.764"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","unstructured":"Comit\u00e9 de l'Antibiogramme de la Societ\u00e9 Fran\u00e7aise de Microbiologie. 2013. Recommendation. http:\/\/www.sfm-microbiologie.org\/ Accessed January18 2014."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2012.03815.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00879-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq210"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00921-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.6.2153-2162.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.8.3198-3202.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02885-05"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02316-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.66.10.4555-4558.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl211"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.27.12.2887-2890.1989"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhin.2001.0997"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/661284"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-012-2675-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.10.4769-4775.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/597505"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhin.2001.1053"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2005.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01823-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-005-5045-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2009.02.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01538-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s100960100564"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/341078"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2004.00959.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12325"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-014-0659-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022738"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2012.1267"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkt258"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02491-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.067223-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00871-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.045229-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00978-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2008.0838"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","first-page":"638","article-title":"Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii producing the carbapenemase OXA-23 in Tunisia","volume":"89","author":"Hammami S.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hammami S., , Ghozzi R., , Saidani M., , and Ben Redjeb S.. 2011. Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii producing the carbapenemase OXA-23 in Tunisia. Tunis Med., 89:638\u2013643.","journal-title":"Tunis Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dku181"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-014-2298-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1905.121618"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","first-page":"41","article-title":"Conjugative transfer frequency of resistance genes from ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from patients hospitalized in pediatric wards","volume":"58","author":"Franiczek R.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Franiczek R., , Dolna I., , Krzyzanowska B., , Szufnarowski K., , Kowalska-Krochmal B., , and Zielinska M.. 2006. Conjugative transfer frequency of resistance genes from ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from patients hospitalized in pediatric wards. Med. Dosw. Mikrobiol., 58:41\u201351.","journal-title":"Med. Dosw. Mikrobiol."}],"container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/mdr.2016.0205","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/mdr.2016.0205","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/mdr.2016.0205","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:31:05Z","timestamp":1777667465000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/mdr.2016.0205"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,18]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/mdr.2016.0205"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/mdr.2016.0205","relation":{},"ISSN":["1076-6294","1931-8448"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1076-6294","type":"print"},{"value":"1931-8448","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,18]]}}}