{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:26:56Z","timestamp":1777922816881,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,23]],"date-time":"2017-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1487808000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Multidrug-resistant\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    can contaminate food meat during processing and cause human infection. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of the antimicrobial resistance were conducted for 45 multidrug-resistant\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates from 208 samples of beef carcasses. The mechanisms of resistance were evaluated using polymerase chain reaction and sequencing methods, and the clonal relationship among isolates was evaluated using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Different variants of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tet<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">flo<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">dfrA<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">aadA<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes were detected in most of the strains resistant to \u03b2-lactam, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, and aminoglycosides, respectively. Extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL)-producing\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    was found in 42.2% of the 45\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates and the most commonly detected ESBL genotypes were CTX-M group 1 and 9. Class 1 integrons with nine different arrangements of gene cassettes were present in 28 of 45\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates. Twenty-nine PFGE groups and 24 MLST types were identified in their clonal structure. This study revealed that\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates from beef contained high diversity of antimicrobial resistance genes, integrons, and genotypes. These results highlighted the role of beef meat as a potential source for multidrug-resistant\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains and the need for controlling beef safety.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2016.0223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,23]],"date-time":"2017-02-23T12:52:06Z","timestamp":1487854326000},"page":"915-924","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["High Diversity of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes, Class 1 Integrons, and Genotypes of Multidrug-Resistant\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    in Beef Carcasses"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Chih-Ming","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chung Chou University of Science and Technology","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Se-Chin","family":"Ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chia-Ru","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying-Chen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Chung Hsing University","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ter-Hsin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Chung Hsing University","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chih-Ho","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Medical University and Hospital","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"Chang Gung University","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"Asia University","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin-Xia","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Medical University Hospital","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lii-Tzu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Medical University Hospital","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2006-421"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.03079-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00002-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis1043"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2011.0950"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01529-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.12.5429-5433.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00971-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","unstructured":"United States Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection (USDA\/FSIS). 2002. 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