{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T03:03:23Z","timestamp":1778900603677,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Despite increasing reports of skin and soft tissue infections caused by community-associated methicillin-resistant\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (CA-MRSA) in Japan, the extent to which these strains cause nosocomial infections remains unknown, and this is especially true for bloodstream infections. In this study, we molecularly characterized MRSA isolates from Japanese blood samples. Among the 151 MRSA isolates collected from 53 medical facilities in 2011, 115 (76%) and 30 (20%) were classified as staphylococcal cassette chromosome\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mec<\/jats:italic>\n                    (SCC\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mec<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) types II and IV, respectively, while the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) gene was detected in only two isolates. Among 66 MRSA isolates collected from Tokyo Medical University Hospital between 2012 and 2015, 43 (65%) and 20 (30%) were classifiable as SCC\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mec<\/jats:italic>\n                    types II and IV, respectively. In 2015, highly virulent strains, such as the SCC\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mec<\/jats:italic>\n                    type IV\/PVL and SCC\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mec<\/jats:italic>\n                    type IV\/ toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 clonal types, increased in number. Therefore, the SCC\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mec<\/jats:italic>\n                    type IV clone may cause invasive infections not only in community settings but also in healthcare settings in Japan.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2017.0008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,14]],"date-time":"2017-07-14T16:45:25Z","timestamp":1500050725000},"page":"70-75","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Epidemiological Trends Observed from Molecular Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant\n                    <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>\n                    Isolates from Blood Cultures at a Japanese University Hospital, 2012\u20132015"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Yuri","family":"Miura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tokyo Medical University Hospital","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tetsuo","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toho University School of Medicine","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Tokyo Medical University","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Itaru","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tokyo Medical University Hospital","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinobu","family":"Koyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Miroku Medical Laboratory Co., Ltd.","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kiyoko","family":"Tamai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Miroku Medical Laboratory Co., Ltd.","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Okanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tokyo Medical University","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tokyo Medical University","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Tokyo Medical University Hospital","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61999-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.11.5113-5120.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.3.1008-1015.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.12.5442-5448.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(13)70136-1","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of community-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Asia","volume":"13","author":"Chuang Y.Y.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chuang Y.Y., , and Huang Y.C.. 2013. Molecular epidemiology of community-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Asia. Lancet Infect. Dis., 13:698\u2013708.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2014.0153"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.53.1746","article-title":"Comprehensive analysis of systemically disseminated ST8\/non-USA300 type community-acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection","volume":"53","author":"Hagiya H.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hagiya H., , Hisatsune J., , Kojima T., , Shiota S., , Naito H., , Hagioka S., , Morimoto N., , Otsuka F., , and Sugai M.. 2014. Comprehensive analysis of systemically disseminated ST8\/non-USA300 type community-acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection. Intern. Med., 53:907\u2013912.","journal-title":"Intern. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/499815"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","unstructured":"CLSI. 2015. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Twenty-Fifth Informational Supplement. CLSI Document M100\u2013S25."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00165-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4515","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00985-06","article-title":"Predominance of clones carrying Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated in Japanese hospitals from 1979 to 1985","volume":"44","author":"Ma X.X.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ma X.X., , Ito T., , Chongtrakool P., , and Hiramatsu K.. 2006. Predominance of clones carrying Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated in Japanese hospitals from 1979 to 1985. J. Clin. Microbiol., 44:4515\u20134527.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.7.3356-3363.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2011.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","unstructured":"Japan Nosocomial Infections Surveillance. 2016. 2014 Open Reports (CLSI2007 Version and CLSI2012 Trial Version). Available at https:\/\/janis.mhlw.go.jp\/english\/index.asp"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2007.tb03898.x","article-title":"Molecular characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in hospitals in Niigata, Japan: divergence and transmission","volume":"51","author":"Zaraket H.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zaraket H., , Otsuka T., , Saito K., , Dohmae S., , Takano T., , Higuchi W., , Ohkubo T., , Ozaki K., , Takano M., , Reva I., , Baranovich T., , and Yamamoto T.. 2007. Molecular characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in hospitals in Niigata, Japan: divergence and transmission. Microbiol. Immunol., 51:171\u2013176.","journal-title":"Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2005.tb03691.x","article-title":"Prospective surveillance of community-onset and healthcare-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from a university-affiliated hospital in Japan","volume":"49","author":"Piao C.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Piao C., , Karasawa T., , Totsuka K., , Uchiyama T., , and Kikuchi K.. 2005. Prospective surveillance of community-onset and healthcare-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from a university-affiliated hospital in Japan. Microbiol. Immunol., 49:959\u2013970.","journal-title":"Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.220.165","article-title":"Genetic diagnosis of community-acquired MRSA: a multiplex real-time PCR method for staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec typing and detecting toxin genes","volume":"220","author":"Motoshima M.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Motoshima M., , Yanagihara K., , Morinaga Y., , Matsuda J., , Sugahara K., , Yamada Y., , Kohno S., , and Kamihira S.. 2010. Genetic diagnosis of community-acquired MRSA: a multiplex real-time PCR method for staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec typing and detecting toxin genes. Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 220:165\u2013170.","journal-title":"Tohoku J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2013.12.009","article-title":"Influence of antimicrobial regimen on decreased in-hospital mortality of patients with MRSA bacteremia","volume":"20","author":"Kaku N.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kaku N., , Yanagihara K., , Morinaga Y., , Yamada K., , Harada Y., , Migiyama Y., , Nagaoka K., , Matsuda J., , Uno N., , Hasegawa H., , Miyazaki T., , Izumikawa K., , Kakeya H., , Yamamoto Y., , and Kohno S.. 2014. Influence of antimicrobial regimen on decreased in-hospital mortality of patients with MRSA bacteremia. J. Infect. Chemother., 20:350\u2013355.","journal-title":"J. Infect. Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.03147-14","article-title":"Molecular and clinical characteristics of hospital and community onset methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains associated with bloodstream infections","volume":"53","author":"Wang S.H.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang S.H., , Hines L., , van Balen J., , Mediavilla J.R., , Pan X., , Hoet A.E., , Kreiswirth B.N., , Pancholi P., , and Stevenson K.B.. 2015. Molecular and clinical characteristics of hospital and community onset methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains associated with bloodstream infections. J. Clin. Microbiol., 53:1599\u20131608.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2012.03822.x","article-title":"USA300 abroad: global spread of a virulent strain of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"18","author":"Nimmo G.R.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nimmo G.R. 2012. USA300 abroad: global spread of a virulent strain of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Clin. Microbiol. Infect., 18:725\u2013734.","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. 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