{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:04:42Z","timestamp":1787069082452,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Enzymatic alteration of aminoglycosides by aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AMEs) is the major mechanism of resistance to aminoglycosides. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of AME genes, staphylococcal chromosomal cassette\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mec<\/jats:italic>\n                    (SCC\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mec<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) types, and molecular analysis of the coagulase (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">coa<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) gene in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains isolated from clinical specimens. Totally, 102\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    were tested by disk diffusion and microbroth dilution methods for susceptibility to aminoglycosides. AMEs genes and SCC\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mec<\/jats:italic>\n                    types were determined by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). For polymorphism analysis, the 3\u2032 end region of the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">coa<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene was amplified by PCR and the products were then subjected to restriction digestion with\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Hae<\/jats:italic>\n                    III enzyme. Of the 102\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , 42 (41.2%) were methicillin-resistant\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (MRSA). Thirty-five (83%) of MRSA strains were resistant to kanamycin, 32 (76.2%) to tobramycin, 30 (71.4%) to gentamicin, 25 (59.5%) to amikacin, and 10 (23.8%) to netilmicin. The\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">aac(6<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2032\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">)-Ie-aph(2\u2033)<\/jats:italic>\n                    was the most frequent gene among MRSA isolates 19 (45.2%), followed by\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">aph(3<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2032\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">)-IIIa<\/jats:italic>\n                    8 (19%),\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ant(4<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2032\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">)-Ia<\/jats:italic>\n                    6 (14.3%), and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">aph(2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2033\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">)-Id<\/jats:italic>\n                    2 (4.8%). SCC\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mec<\/jats:italic>\n                    types included type I 10 (23.8%), II 1 (2.4%), III 21 (50%), and IV 7 (16.7%). Three (7.2%) isolates were nontypeable. Digestion of the PCR products of the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">coa<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene yielded 19 distinct restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns. In conclusion, given the alarming rate of resistance to aminoglycosides among MRSA, the monitoring of aminoglycoside resistance and AME genes should be performed to limit the spread of aminoglycoside resistance among MRSA isolates. Several variants of the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">coa<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene were found in the studied isolates, although the majority of the MRSA isolates belonged to a limited number of coagulase types.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2017.0121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,30]],"date-time":"2018-04-30T14:24:07Z","timestamp":1525098247000},"page":"47-53","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Distribution of Aminoglycoside-Modifying Enzymes and Molecular Analysis of the Coagulase Gene in Clinical Isolates of Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-Susceptible\n                    <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Farhad","family":"Seyedi-Marghaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kerman University of Medical Sciences","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davood","family":"Kalantar-Neyestanaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kerman University of Medical Sciences","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fereshteh","family":"Saffari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kerman University of Medical Sciences","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hossein","family":"Hosseini-Nave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kerman University of Medical Sciences","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Moradi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kerman University of Medical Sciences","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/jjm.29237"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Combinations of \u03b2-lactam or aminoglycoside antibiotics with plectasin are synergistic against methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"10","author":"Hu Y.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hu Y., , Liu A., , Vaudrey J., , Vaiciunaite B., , Moigboi C., , McTavish S.M., , Kearns A., , and Coates A.. 2015. 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