{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T15:21:15Z","timestamp":1787498475148,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,1]],"date-time":"2018-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522540800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    A total number of 368 clinical isolates of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Streptococcus agalactiae<\/jats:italic>\n                    (group B\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , GBS) were collected in 2010\u20132016 from three hospitals in a region of central Italy. Fluoroquinolone (FQ)-resistant isolates were selected using levofloxacin. Levofloxacin-resistant (LR) strains (11\/368, 2.99%) were characterized for several features, and their FQ resistance was analyzed phenotypically and genotypically using seven additional FQs. Their\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">gyr<\/jats:italic>\n                    A and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">par<\/jats:italic>\n                    C quinolone resistance-determining regions were sequenced. Of the 11 LR isolates, 10 showed high-level and 1 low-level resistance. The former isolates exhibited higher minimal inhibitory concentrations also of the other FQs and all shared one amino acid substitution in ParC (Ser79Phe) and one in GyrA (Ser81Leu); only Ser79Phe in ParC was detected in the low-level LR isolate. The 11 LR strains exhibited distinctive relationships between their susceptibilities to non-FQ antibiotics and typing data. Remarkably, despite the very rare occurrence of chloramphenicol resistance in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. agalactiae<\/jats:italic>\n                    , no &lt;4 of the 11 LR isolates were chloramphenicol-resistant. Studies of GBS resistance to FQs in Europe remain scarce, notwithstanding the emergence of multidrug-resistant isolates. The incidence of LR GBS isolates is still limited in Italy, consistent with the moderate (though growing) rates reported in Europe, and much lower than the very high rates reported in East Asia. The intriguing relationships between FQ and chloramphenicol resistance deserve further investigation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2017.0139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,7]],"date-time":"2017-08-07T16:18:21Z","timestamp":1502122701000},"page":"225-231","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Molecular Characterization of Italian Isolates of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant\n                    <i>Streptococcus agalactiae<\/i>\n                    and Relationships with Chloramphenicol Resistance"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Serena","family":"Simoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Vincenzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Torrette Regional Hospital","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Brenciani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Morroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrizia","family":"Bagnarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Giovanetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic University of Marche","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro E.","family":"Varaldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Mingoia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-007-7251-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/599369"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00185-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.05794-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","first-page":"20825","article-title":"Epidemiological surveillance of colonising group B Streptococcus epidemiology in the Lisbon and Tagus Valley regions, Portugal (2005 to 2012): emergence of a new epidemic type IV\/clonal complex 17 clone","volume":"19","author":"Florindo C.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Florindo C., , Dami\u00e3o V., , Silvestre I., , Farinha C., , Rodrigues F., , Nogueira F., , Martins-Pereira F., , Castro R., , Borrego M.J., , Santos-Sanches I., and Group for the Prevention of Neonatal GBS Infection. 2014. Epidemiological surveillance of colonising group B Streptococcus epidemiology in the Lisbon and Tagus Valley regions, Portugal (2005 to 2012): emergence of a new epidemic type IV\/clonal complex 17 clone. Euro. Surveil., 19:20825.","journal-title":"Euro. Surveil."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2339","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-015-2487-6","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology and distribution of serotypes, genotypes, and antibiotic resistance genes of Streptococcus agalactiae clinical isolates from Guelma, Algeria and Marseille, France","volume":"34","author":"Bergal A.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bergal A., , Loucif L., , Benouareth D.E., , Bentorki A.A., , Abat C., , and Rolain J.M., 2015. Molecular epidemiology and distribution of serotypes, genotypes, and antibiotic resistance genes of Streptococcus agalactiae clinical isolates from Guelma, Algeria and Marseille, France. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 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