{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T18:26:51Z","timestamp":1790792811480,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,1]],"date-time":"2018-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530403200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The Beijing genotype is a distinct genetic lineage of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , which is distributed worldwide, and may cause large outbreaks of multidrug resistance-tuberculosis (MDR-TB). The distribution of such strains in the Eastern Mediterranean region (EMR) is unclear, and clarifying the data is our purpose apart from the presence of Beijing TB in Iran.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We searched Published literature from CINAHL Cochrane Library, Current Contents, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE), ProQuest Google Scholar PubMed, PsycINFO, Thomson Reuters, (SID), and Medical Library (MedLib) to detect relevant studies from the year 2000 to July 2015 with the following keywords:\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , Beijing genotype, EMR, and drug resistance. Random-effect models were used to estimate the proportion of Beijing strains in STATA 14. Heterogeneity was investigated by subgroup analysis and meta-regression.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results and Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The meta-prevalence of Beijing strains was 4% (CI 95%\u2009=\u20093\u20135). The prevalence was different based on types of detection techniques (spoligotyping\u2009=\u20094% vs. other techniques\u2009=\u20096%;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003) and years of study (before the year 2000\u2009=\u20092% vs. after year 2000\u2009=\u20094%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004). The Beijing family was most prevalent in Iran and Pakistan. A strong relationship with drug resistance was reported in Pakistan and Iran, and an increasing trend was seen in Pakistan. Additional studies of drug-resistant TB distribution among Beijing strains in EMR countries are needed as well as a time-trend analysis of the Beijing strain infection in the region.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2017.0160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,23]],"date-time":"2017-10-23T10:21:49Z","timestamp":1508754109000},"page":"693-698","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i>\n                    of the Beijing Genotype in Iran and the World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean Region: A Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Sven","family":"Hoffner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Karolinska Institutet","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leyla","family":"Sahebi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","place":["Iran"]},{"name":"Tabriz University of Medical Science","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalil","family":"Ansarin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siamak","family":"Sabour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parviz","family":"Mohajeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9869","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.18.9869","article-title":"Restricted structural gene polymorphism in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex indicates evolutionarily recent global dissemination","volume":"94","author":"Sreevatsan S.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sreevatsan S., , Pan X., , Stockbauer K.E., , Connell N.D., , Kreiswirth B.N., , Whittam T.S., , and Musser J.M.. 1997. 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