{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:28:13Z","timestamp":1777922893836,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]],"date-time":"2018-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527811200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Some members of the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Brachyspira<\/jats:italic>\n                    genus cause diseases such as swine dysentery (SD) and porcine intestinal (or colonic) spirochetosis. Severe economic losses are caused by decreased feed intake and increased feed conversion ratio, as well as costs associated with treatment and death. A loss of clinical efficacy of some antimicrobial agents authorized for treating SD has been observed in many countries. The aim of this study was to analyze the antimicrobial susceptibility of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Brachyspira<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolated from Taiwan and to investigate the mechanism of decreased susceptibility to macrolides. A total of 55\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Brachyspira<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates obtained from the grower\u2013finisher period were evaluated in this study. These isolates included\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">hyodysenteriae<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200937),\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B. murdochii<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200911),\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B. pilosicoli<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20095),\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B. intermedia<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091), and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B. innocens<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed to examine 12 selected antimicrobial agents. The results showed that the 50% and 90% minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the tested macrolides were all &gt;256\u2009\u03bcg\/ml. The MIC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    of lincomycin, tiamulin, carbadox, olaquindox, ampicillin, amoxicillin, doxycycline, oxytetracycline, and gentamicin were 32, 1, \u22640.125, \u22640.125, 0.5, 0.25, 2, 2, and 2\u2009\u03bcg\/ml. The genetic basis of the decreased susceptibility to tylosin and lincomycin in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Brachyspira<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. was investigated and the results showed a possible connection to the mutations at position A2058 and G2032 of the 23S rRNA gene. These findings demonstrated that, in Taiwan, there may be a decrease in susceptibility of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Brachyspira<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. to antimicrobials commonly used for the treatment of SD.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2017.0188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,29]],"date-time":"2018-03-29T15:29:09Z","timestamp":1522337349000},"page":"685-692","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of\n                    <i>Brachyspira<\/i>\n                    Species Isolated in Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Jih-Ching","family":"Yeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Chiayi University","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dan-Yuan","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Chiayi University","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shao-Kuang","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Taiwan University","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hung-Chih","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Chiayi University","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"61","article-title":"Inoculation of pigs with Treponema hyodysenteriae (new species) and reproduction of the disease","volume":"67","author":"Harris D.L.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Harris D.L., , Glock R.D., , Christensen C.R., , and Kinyon J.M.. 1972. 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