{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:54:28Z","timestamp":1790211268338,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]],"date-time":"2018-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538352000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    We investigated the occurrence of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL), AmpC, and carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria isolated from 160 samples of fresh vegetables (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200980) and ready-to-eat (RTE) prepacked salads (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200980). Phenotypic and genotypic analyses were carried out on the isolates in terms of the species present and relative resistance. Resistance to \u03b2-lactam antibiotics was found in only 44 (24 from fresh vegetables and 20 from RTE salads) of a total of 312 Gram-negative strains (14.1%). The prevalence of ESBL-producing strains from fresh vegetables was 83.3% (20\/24) and 16.7% (4\/24) for AmpC. Among the 20 bacterial isolates from RTE salads, 80% (16\/20) were identified as ESBL-producing strains and the remaining 20% (4\/20) as MBL-producing strains. PCR and sequencing confirmed the presence of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>SHV-12<\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M-1<\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M-15,<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>RHAN<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sub>-1<\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>ACC-1<\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>DHA-1<\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>VIM-1<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>IMP-1<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Seven different replicons were identified, where IncHI1, FIA, and I1 were the most representative types; when compared with the Inc types, isolates from fresh vegetables and RTE salads were similar. The location of genes on a conjugative plasmid was confirmed by positive results obtained with conjugation assays.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Our study has demonstrated the occurrence and distribution of ESBL\/AmpC and MBL strains in fresh vegetables and RTE salads in Italy and possible public health risks associated with consumption of these fresh products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2017.0198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,16]],"date-time":"2018-02-16T11:46:41Z","timestamp":1518781601000},"page":"1156-1164","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Extended-Spectrum \u03b2-Lactamase, AmpC, and MBL-Producing Gram-Negative Bacteria on Fresh Vegetables and Ready-to-Eat Salads Sold in Local Markets"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Ramona","family":"Iseppi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"de Niederh\u00e4usern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moreno","family":"Bondi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrizia","family":"Messi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Sabia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkh325","article-title":"Resistance in the environment","volume":"54","author":"Kummerer K.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kummerer K. 2004. 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