{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:27:44Z","timestamp":1777922864115,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]],"date-time":"2018-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527811200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"\n The emergence of antibiotic resistant strains poses a great concern for gonorrhea treatment. The aim of this study was to characterize penicillinase\u2013producing\n Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n (PPNG) isolates collected in Italy in two time frames, 2003\u20132004 and 2014\u20132015. A total of 80 PPNG were characterized for the\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n TEM<\/jats:sub>\n gene variant and the plasmid type. Furthermore, gonococci were typed using\n Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n multiantigen sequence typing. Antibiotic susceptibility assay was performed for penicillin, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, and spectinomycin by Etest and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test strip methods. The \u03b2-lactamase production was detected using nitrocefin test. Among PPNG isolates, four\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n TEM<\/jats:sub>\n alleles were identified as follows:\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n TEM-1<\/jats:sub>\n ,\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n TEM-228<\/jats:sub>\n ,\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n TEM<\/jats:sub>\n P14S, and\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n TEM-135<\/jats:sub>\n . The African plasmid possessed the\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n TEM-1<\/jats:sub>\n ,\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n TEM-228<\/jats:sub>\n , and\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n TEM<\/jats:sub>\n P14S, whereas\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n TEM-135<\/jats:sub>\n was identified in Toronto\/Rio and Asian plasmids. The percentage of isolates with the\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n TEM-1<\/jats:sub>\n -carrying African plasmid increased from 42.5% in 2003\u20132004 to 55% in 2014\u20132015; conversely, the isolates with\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n TEM-135<\/jats:sub>\n -carrying Toronto\/Rio plasmid decreased from 57.5% to 35%. Among the isolates carrying the Toronto\/Rio plasmids possessing\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n TEM-135<\/jats:sub>\n , sequence type (ST)661 and ST5624 were found to be the predominant STs in both periods 2003\u20132004 and 2014\u20132015, respectively. More than half of the PPNG isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin. Increase in the isolates carrying the African plasmid possessing\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n TEM-1<\/jats:sub>\n and a parallel decrease of the\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n TEM-135<\/jats:sub>\n -carrying Toronto\/Rio plasmid was observed. Moreover, PPNG isolate harbored Toronto\/Rio plasmid with\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n TEM-135<\/jats:sub>\n belonged mainly to two major STs (ST661 and ST5624). Given the possible role of a mutated\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n TEM<\/jats:sub>\n gene as an additional mechanism to extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase resistance, it is crucial to monitor gonococci carrying these resistance genes.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2017.0218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]],"date-time":"2018-01-02T14:18:51Z","timestamp":1514902731000},"page":"621-626","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Molecular Characterization of Penicillinase\u2013Producing\n Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/i>\n Isolated in Two Time Periods, 2003\u20132004 and 2014\u20132015, in Italy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Paola","family":"Stefanelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Carannante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen Luciana","family":"Bonanno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sandro Pertini Hospital","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Cusini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foundation IRCCS Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Ghisetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amedeo di Savoia Hospital","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Mencacci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Perugia","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna Maria","family":"Barbui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molinette Hospital","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grazia","family":"Prignano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Vocale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Orsola-Malpighi","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Vacca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00010-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.18.03.20358-en","article-title":"Molecular epidemiological typing within the European gonococcal antimicrobial resistance surveillance programme reveals predominance of a multidrug-resistant clone","volume":"18","author":"Chisholm S.A.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chisholm S.A., , Unemo M., , Quaye N., , Johansson E., , Cole M.J., , Ison C.A., , and Van de Laar M.J.. 2013. Molecular epidemiological typing within the European gonococcal antimicrobial resistance surveillance programme reveals predominance of a multidrug-resistant clone. Euro. Surveill., 18:pii:20358.","journal-title":"Euro. Surveill."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-1029-2","article-title":"Current and future antimicrobial treatment of gonorrhea\u2014the rapidly evolving Neisseria gonorrhoeae continues to challenge","volume":"15","author":"Unemo M.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Unemo M. 2015. Current and future antimicrobial treatment of gonorrhea\u2014the rapidly evolving Neisseria gonorrhoeae continues to challenge. BMC Infect. Dis., 15:364.","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. 2016. Gonococcal antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance in Europe 2014. ECDC Stockholm Sweden. Available at http:\/\/ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/publications\/Publications\/gonococcal-antimicrobial-susceptibility-surveillance-Europe-2014.pdf (accessed December18 2017)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-454","article-title":"Characterisation of bla\n TEM genes and types of \u03b2-lactamase plasmids in Neisseria gonorrhoeae\u2014the prevalent and conserved bla\n TEM-135 has not recently evolved and existed in the Toronto plasmid from the origin","volume":"14","author":"Muhammad I.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Muhammad I., , Golparian D., , Dillon J.A., , Johansson A., , Ohnishi M., , Sethi S., , Chen S.C., , Nakayama S., , Sundqvist M., , Bala M., , and Unemo M.. 2014. Characterisation of blaTEM genes and types of \u03b2-lactamase plasmids in Neisseria gonorrhoeae\u2014the prevalent and conserved blaTEM-135 has not recently evolved and existed in the Toronto plasmid from the origin. BMC Infect. Dis., 14:454.","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","first-page":"3238","article-title":"Genetic diversity of bla\n TEM alleles, antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular epidemiological characteristics of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae from England and Wales","volume":"70","author":"Cole M.J.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cole M.J., , Unemo M., , Grigorjev V., , Quaye N., , and Woodford N.. 2015. Genetic diversity of blaTEM alleles, antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular epidemiological characteristics of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae from England and Wales. J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 70:3238\u20133243.","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. 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