{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T09:33:59Z","timestamp":1787564039660,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,1]],"date-time":"2018-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530403200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Food-producing animals represent one of the sources of antibiotic resistant commensal bacteria. There is an increasing awareness that these bacteria might have the potential to transfer their resistance genes to other (pathogenic) bacteria. In this study, 50 commensal\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains originating from food-producing animals and resistant to the \u201chighest priority, critically important antibiotics\u201d cefotaxime and\/or ciprofloxacin, were selected for further characterization. For each strain (i) an antibiogram, (ii) the phylogenetic group, (iii) plasmid replicon type, (iv) presence and identification of integrons, and (v) antibiotic resistance transfer ratios were determined. Forty-five of these strains were resistant to 5 or more antibiotics, and 6 strains were resistant to 10 or more antibiotics. Resistance was most common to ampicillin (100%), sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin (82%), trimethoprim, tetracycline (74%), cefotaxime, (70%) and ceftazidime (62%). Phylogenetic groups A (62%) and B1 (26%) were most common, followed by C (8%) and E (4%). In 43 strains, more than 1 replicon type was detected, with FII (88%), FIB (70%), and I1 (48%) being the most encountered types. Forty strains, positive for integrons, all harbored a class I integron and seven of them contained an additional class II integron. No class III integrons were detected. The antibiotic resistance transfer was assessed by liquid mating experiments. The transfer ratio, expressed as the number of transconjugants per recipient, was between 10\n                    <jats:sup>\u22125<\/jats:sup>\n                    and 10\n                    <jats:sup>0<\/jats:sup>\n                    for cefotaxime resistance and between 10\n                    <jats:sup>\u22127<\/jats:sup>\n                    and 10\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    for ciprofloxacin resistance. The results of the current study prove that commensal\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    in food-production animals can be a source of multiple resistance genes and that these bacteria can easily spread their ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime resistance.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2017.0226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,17]],"date-time":"2017-11-17T16:48:06Z","timestamp":1510937286000},"page":"707-717","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Characterization of Cefotaxime- and Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Commensal\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    Originating from Belgian Farm Animals Indicates High Antibiotic Resistance Transfer Rates"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Ellen","family":"Lambrecht","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Ghent University","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Van Meervenne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Ghent University","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nico","family":"Boon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghent University","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Van de Wiele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghent University","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Wattiau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CODA-CERVA","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lieve","family":"Herman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Heyndrickx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Ghent University","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Els","family":"Van Coillie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"ECDC. 2017. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance in Europe 2015 Stockholm: Annual Report of the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network (EARS-Net). DOI: 10.2900\/6928."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","unstructured":"ECDC. 2009. The bacterial challenge: time to react. ECDC Stockholm. Available at www.ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/publications\/Publications\/0909\/TER_The_Bacterial_Challenge_Time_to_React.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00002-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03497.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph10072643"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1128\/br.27.1.87-115.1963","article-title":"Infective heredity of multiple drug resistance in bacteria","volume":"27","author":"Watanabe T.","year":"1963","unstructured":"Watanabe T. 1963. Infective heredity of multiple drug resistance in bacteria. Bacteriol. Rev., 27:87\u2013115.","journal-title":"Bacteriol. Rev."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2012.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plasmid.2016.02.005","article-title":"The ancient small mobilizable plasmid pALWED1.8 harboring a new variant of the non-cassette streptomycin\/spectinomycin resistance gene aadA27","volume":"84","author":"Kurakov A.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kurakov A., , Mindlin S., , Beletsky A., , Shcherbatova N., , Rakitin A., , Ermakova A., , Mardanov A., , and Petrova M.. 2016. The ancient small mobilizable plasmid pALWED1.8 harboring a new variant of the non-cassette streptomycin\/spectinomycin resistance gene aadA27. Plasmid, 84\u201385:36\u201343.","journal-title":"Plasmid"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0034953"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10388"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2010.00261.x","article-title":"Lateral genetic transfer and the construction of genetic exchange communities","volume":"35","author":"Skippington E.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Skippington E., , and Ragan M.A.. 2011. Lateral genetic transfer and the construction of genetic exchange communities. FEMS Microbiol. Rev., 35:707\u2013735.","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60327-853-9_23"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2011.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2013.00258"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02296-16","article-title":"Differences in integron cassette excision dynamics shape a trade-off between evolvability and genetic capacitance","volume":"8","author":"Loot C.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Loot C., , Nivina A., , Cury J., , Escudero J.A., , Ducos-Galand M., , Bikard D., , Rocha E.P., , and Mazel D.. 2017. Differences in integron cassette excision dynamics shape a trade-off between evolvability and genetic capacitance. MBio, 8. pii: e02296-16.","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genet-102209-163504"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","unstructured":"FAVV-AFSCA. 2012. Antimicrobial Resistance of Indicator E. coli-2011. Report on Zoonotic Agents in Belgium Trends and Sources. 2010\u20132011. pp. 1\u2013132. Available at www.afsca.be\/publicationsthematiques\/_documents\/2012-12-06_ts_2010_2011_s.pdf (accessed November9 2017)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S146625230800159X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2011. Critically Important Antimicrobials for Human Medicine 3rd revision. WHO Press Geneva Switzerland."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2650","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dku180","article-title":"Characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli obtained from Danish pigs, pig farmers and their families from farms with high or no consumption of third- or fourth-generation cephalosporins","volume":"69","author":"Hammerum A.M.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hammerum A.M., , Larsen J., , Andersen V.D., , Lester C.H., , Skovgaard Skytte T.S., , Hansen F., , Olsen S.S., , Mordhorst H., , Skov R.L., , Aarestrup F.M., , and Agerso Y.. 2014. Characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli obtained from Danish pigs, pig farmers and their families from farms with high or no consumption of third- or fourth-generation cephalosporins. J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 69:2650\u20132657.","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2017.2310","article-title":"Prevalence and transmission of antimicrobial resistance in a vertically integrated veal calf production system","author":"Hutchinson H.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hutchinson H., , Finney S., , Munoz-Vargas L., , Feicht S., , Masterson M., , and Habing G.. 2017. Prevalence and transmission of antimicrobial resistance in a vertically integrated veal calf production system. Foodborne Pathog. Dis. [Epub ahead of print]; DOI: 10.1089\/fpd.2017.2310. (accessed November9, 2017).","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathog. Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2014.06.014","article-title":"Prevalence and potential risk factors for the occurrence of cefotaxime resistant Escherichia coli in German fattening pig farms\u2014a cross-sectional study","volume":"116","author":"Hering J.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hering J., , Hille K., , Fromke C., , von Munchhausen C., , Hartmann M., , Schneider B., , Friese A., , Roesler U., , Merle R., , and Kreienbrock L.. 2014. Prevalence and potential risk factors for the occurrence of cefotaxime resistant Escherichia coli in German fattening pig farms\u2014a cross-sectional study. Prev. Vet. Med., 116:129\u2013137.","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.07.004","article-title":"Identification of integrons and phylogenetic groups of drug-resistant Escherichia coli from broiler carcasses in China","volume":"211","author":"Wu H.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wu H., , Xia S., , Bu F., , Qi J., , Liu Y., , and Xu H.. 2015. Identification of integrons and phylogenetic groups of drug-resistant Escherichia coli from broiler carcasses in China. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 211:51\u201356.","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2009.0348"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","unstructured":"Commission Implementing Decision of 12 November 2013 on the Monitoring and Reporting of Antimicrobial Resistance in Zoonotic and Commensal Bacteria (2013\/652\/EU) Official Journal of the European Union. 14112013."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1758-2229.12019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2005.03.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2000.tb08906.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-72.1.21","article-title":"Integron-mediated antibiotic resistance in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli","volume":"72","author":"Nagachinta S.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nagachinta S., , and Chen J.. 2009. Integron-mediated antibiotic resistance in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. J. Food Prot., 72:21\u201327.","journal-title":"J. Food Prot."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2658","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.9.2658-2661.2001","article-title":"Integrons and gene cassettes in the Enterobacteriaceae","volume":"45","author":"White P.A.","year":"2001","unstructured":"White P.A., , McIver C.J., , and Rawlinson W.D.. 2001. Integrons and gene cassettes in the Enterobacteriaceae. J. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 45:2658\u20132661.","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2010.0536"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkt443"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6601a7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","unstructured":"Elliott K. 2015. Antibiotic on the Farm: Agriculture's Role in Drug Resistance. CGD Policy Paper 059 March 2015. Center for Global Development. Washington DC pp. 1\u201338."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","unstructured":"O'Neill J. 2015. Antimicrobials in agriculture and the environment: reducing unnecessary use and waste. The review on antimicrobial resistance. Available at https:\/\/amr-review.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Antimicrobials%20in%20agriculture%20and%20the%20environment%20-%20Reducing%20unnecessary%20use%20and%20waste.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00730-8","article-title":"Animal production and antimicrobial resistance in the clinic","volume":"387","author":"Robinson T.P.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Robinson T.P., , Wertheim H.F., , Kakkar M., , Kariuki S., , Bu D., , and Price L.B.. 2016. Animal production and antimicrobial resistance in the clinic. Lancet, 387:e1\u2013e3.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","unstructured":"Spellberg B. Hansen G. Kar A. Cordova C. Price L. and Johnsen J.. 2016. Antibiotic resistance in humans and animals. Discussion paper. National Academy of Medicine Washington DC. Available at www.nam.edu\/antibiotic-resistance-in-humans-and-animals"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","unstructured":"Regulation (EC) No. 1831\/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2003 on Additives for Use in Animal Nutrition."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","first-page":"Doc05","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance: what is so special about multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria? GMS Hyg","volume":"12","author":"Exner M.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Exner M., , Bhattacharya S., , Christiansen B., , Gebel J., , Goroncy-Bermes P., , Hartemann P., , Heeg P., , Ilschner C., , Kramer A., , Larson E., , Merkens W., , Mielke M., , Oltmanns P., , Ross B., , Rotter M., , Schmithausen R.M., , Sonntag H.-G., , and Trautmann M.. 2017. Antibiotic resistance: what is so special about multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria? GMS Hyg. Infect. Control, 12:Doc05.","journal-title":"Infect. Control"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003335491212700103"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","unstructured":"BelVet-Sac. 2017. Belgian veterinary surveillance of antibacterial consumption\u2014National consumption report. Available at www.belvetsac.ugent.be\/BelvetSAC_report_2016.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","first-page":"409","article-title":"Factors affecting conjugal transfer of plasmids encoding mercury resistance from pure cultures and mixed natural suspensions of epilithic bacteria","volume":"135","author":"Rochelle P.A.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Rochelle P.A., , Fry J.C., , and Day M.J.. 1989. Factors affecting conjugal transfer of plasmids encoding mercury resistance from pure cultures and mixed natural suspensions of epilithic bacteria. J. Gen. Microbiol., 135:409\u2013424.","journal-title":"J. Gen. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","article-title":"Transfer potential of plasmids conferring extended-spectrum-cephalosporin resistance in Escherichia coli from poultry","volume":"83","author":"Mo S.S.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mo S.S., , Sunde M., , Ilag H.K., , Langsrud S., , and Heir E.. 2017. Transfer potential of plasmids conferring extended-spectrum-cephalosporin resistance in Escherichia coli from poultry. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 83. pii: e00654-17.","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.048934-0","article-title":"Integron characterization and typing of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolates in Belgium","volume":"62","author":"Van Meervenne E.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Van Meervenne E., , Boon N., , Verstraete K., , Devlieghere F., , De Reu K., , Herman L., , Buvens G., , Pierard D., , and Van Coillie E.. 2013. Integron characterization and typing of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolates in Belgium. J. Med. Microbiol., 62:712\u2013719.","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.66.10.4555-4558.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.2.546-553.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3455","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00760-10","article-title":"Distribution of human commensal Escherichia coli phylogenetic groups","volume":"48","author":"Bailey J.K.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bailey J.K., , Pinyon J.L., , Anantham S., , and Hall R.M.. 2010. Distribution of human commensal Escherichia coli phylogenetic groups. J. Clin. Microbiol., 48:3455\u20132456.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq347"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3103672","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3103672","article-title":"IncF plasmids are commonly carried by antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli isolated from drinking water sources in northern Tanzania","volume":"2016","author":"Lyimo B.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lyimo B., , Buza J., , Subbiah M., , Temba S., , Kipasika H., , Smith W., , and Call D.R.. 2016. IncF plasmids are commonly carried by antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli isolated from drinking water sources in northern Tanzania. Int. J. Microbiol., 2016:3103672.","journal-title":"Int. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","first-page":"2377","volume-title":"Cellular and molecular biology","author":"Firth N.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Firth N., , Ippen-Ihler K., , and Skurry R.. 1996. Structure and function of the F factor and mechanism of conjugation in Escherichia coli and Salmonella. In Neidhardt F.C. (ed.), Cellular and molecular biology. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, pp. 2377\u20132401."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pew493","article-title":"Expanded spectrum beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli isolated from chickens with colibacillosis in Egypt","volume":"96","author":"El-Shazly D.A.","year":"2017","unstructured":"El-Shazly D.A., , Nasef S.A., , Mahmoud F.F., , and Jonas D.. 2017. Expanded spectrum beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli isolated from chickens with colibacillosis in Egypt. Poult. Sci., 96:2375\u20132384.","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3036","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03312","article-title":"Characterization of integrons and their cassettes in Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolates from poultry in Korea","volume":"92","author":"Dessie H.K.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dessie H.K., , Bae D.H., , and Lee Y.J.. 2013. Characterization of integrons and their cassettes in Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolates from poultry in Korea. Poult. Sci., 92:3036\u20133043.","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.15171\/apb.2015.047","article-title":"Carriage of Class 1 and 2 integrons in quinolone, extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing and multi drug resistant E. coli and K.pneumoniae: high burden of antibiotic resistance","volume":"5","author":"Shams F.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shams F., , Hasani A., , Ahangarzadeh Rezaee M., , Nahaie M.R., , Hasani A., , Soroush Bar Haghi M.H., , Pormohammad A., , and Elli Arbatan A.. 2015. Carriage of Class 1 and 2 integrons in quinolone, extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing and multi drug resistant E. coli and K.pneumoniae: high burden of antibiotic resistance. Adv. Pharm. Bull., 5:335\u2013342.","journal-title":"Adv. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2017.09.008","article-title":"Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and integron gene cassettes in Escherichia coli isolated from yaks (Poephagus grunniens) in Aba Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, China","volume":"111","author":"Yang X.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yang X., , Zou W., , Zeng J., , Xie S., , An T., , Luo X., , Chen D., , Feng L., , Cheng G., , Cai R., , Huang Q., , and Wang H.. 2017. Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and integron gene cassettes in Escherichia coli isolated from yaks (Poephagus grunniens) in Aba Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, China. Microb. Pathog., 111:274\u2013279.","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_2","first-page":"233","article-title":"Prevalence of class 1 integrons and extended spectrum beta lactamases among multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli isolates from north of Iran","volume":"19","author":"Mehdipour Moghaddam M.J.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mehdipour Moghaddam M.J., , Mirbagheri A.A., , Salehi Z., , and Habibzade S.M.. 2015. Prevalence of class 1 integrons and extended spectrum beta lactamases among multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli isolates from north of Iran. Iran Biomed. J., 19:233\u2013239.","journal-title":"Iran Biomed. J."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1080\/03601234.2017.1281647","article-title":"Detection of Class I and II integrons for the assessment of antibiotic and multidrug resistance among Escherichia coli isolates from agricultural irrigation waters in Bulacan, Philippines","volume":"52","author":"Paraoan C.E.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Paraoan C.E., , Rivera W.L., , and Vital P.G.. 2017. Detection of Class I and II integrons for the assessment of antibiotic and multidrug resistance among Escherichia coli isolates from agricultural irrigation waters in Bulacan, Philippines. J. Environ. Sci. Health B, 52:306\u2013313.","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci. Health B"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu785"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.07.026"}],"container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/mdr.2017.0226","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/mdr.2017.0226","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/mdr.2017.0226","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:32:16Z","timestamp":1777667536000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1089\/mdr.2017.0226"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/mdr.2017.0226"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/mdr.2017.0226","relation":{},"ISSN":["1076-6294","1931-8448"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1076-6294","type":"print"},{"value":"1931-8448","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]}}}