{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:54:24Z","timestamp":1790211264422,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Antibiotic resistant bacteria present a growing global healthcare challenge. Previous research demonstrates that wild birds harbor extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL)\u2013producing\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and may contribute to their dissemination. We aimed to assess prevalence and temporal variation in the detection rate of ESBL-producing bacteria in urban wild birds and to evaluate methods regarding sample handling. Monthly fecal sampling was performed in 2013 at an urban pond in Sweden. ESBL-producing\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction targeting\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Subsets of samples were analyzed in multiple replicates and without previous freezing. Pond water samples were screened for 12 antibiotics. Out of 813 fecal samples, 47% grew ESBL-producing\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a higher prevalence than in similar studies. Detection rate varied considerably between months, ranging from 4.2% in May to 84% in July, and was significantly higher during warm months. A majority of isolates harbored CTX-M-15 type ESBL. Detection rates were increased by duplicating samples and by avoiding freezing. No antibiotics were detected in pond water. This study demonstrates high prevalence and a previously undescribed temporal variation in detection rate of ESBL-producing\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    in wild birds. The distribution of CTX-M genes corresponds well with Swedish human isolates, indicating communication between the genetic pools of ESBLs in humans and wild birds. Urban ponds may serve as important natural reservoirs for antimicrobial resistance.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2017.0263","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,5]],"date-time":"2018-01-05T17:36:58Z","timestamp":1515173818000},"page":"822-829","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["High Prevalence and Temporal Variation of Extended Spectrum \u03b2-Lactamase\u2013Producing Bacteria in Urban Swedish Mallards"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Jon","family":"Hessman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Uppsala University","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Atterby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uppsala University","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f6rn","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uppsala University","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josef D.","family":"J\u00e4rhult","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uppsala University","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.4.933-951.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.18.4.657-686.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","unstructured":"Hellman J. Aspevall O. Bengtsson B. B. and Pringle M.. 2015. Swedres-Svarm 2014. Consumption of antibiotics and occurrence of antibiotic resistance in Sweden. Public Health Agency of Sweden and National Veterinary Institute Solna\/Uppsala. (Online.) Available at www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se\/pagefiles\/20281\/Swedres-Svarm-2014-14027.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2013.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","unstructured":"Egerv\u00e4rn M. Rosengren \u00c5. Englund S. B\u00f6rjesson S. L\u00f6fmark S. Ny S. and Byfors S.. 2014. ESBL-bildande E. coli i v\u00e5r omgivning\u2013livsmedel som spridningsv\u00e4g till m\u00e4nniska. Public Health Agency of Sweden National Food Agency of Sweden and National Veterinary Institute Uppsala\/Stockholm. (In language.) (Online.) Available at www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se\/documents\/smittskydd-sjukdomar\/antibiotika-vardhygien\/MSB-ESBL-slutrapport-12 nov-2014.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.12206","article-title":"Prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in healthy Swedish preschool children","volume":"102","author":"Kaarme J.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kaarme J., , Molin Y., , Olsen B., , and Melhus \u00c5.. 2013. Prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in healthy Swedish preschool children. Acta Paediatr., 102:655\u2013660.","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","unstructured":"Kaarme J. Riedel H. Nev\u00e9us T. and Melhus \u00c5.. Increase in carriage rates of cefotaxime-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in healthy Swedish children. [dissertation] Uppsala Sweden: Uppsala University; 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2008.00922.x","article-title":"The first major extended-spectrum beta-lactamase outbreak in Scandinavia was caused by clonal spread of a multiresistant Klebsiella pneumoniae producing CTX-M-15","volume":"116","author":"Lytsy B.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lytsy B., , Sandegren L., , Tano E., , Torell E., , Andersson D.I., , and Melhus \u00c5.. 2008. The first major extended-spectrum beta-lactamase outbreak in Scandinavia was caused by clonal spread of a multiresistant Klebsiella pneumoniae producing CTX-M-15. 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