{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:28:05Z","timestamp":1777922885162,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,1]],"date-time":"2018-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530403200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Rifampicin is one of the major drugs used on its own and also in combination to treat numerous infections sustained by methicillin-resistant\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (MRSA). In Italy, rifampicin resistance (RIF-R) is increasing in multidrug-resistant-MRSA isolates (16.4%), with respect to Europe (5.7%). In our study, the relationship between clones,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">rpo<\/jats:italic>\n                    B mutations, and susceptibility profiles in 50 RIF-R MRSA isolated from hospitalized patients was evaluated. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the broth microdilution method. Isolates were typed by MLST\/SCC\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mec\/spa<\/jats:italic>\n                    -typing. The\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">rpo<\/jats:italic>\n                    B gene was analyzed by PCR and sequence analysis. RIF-R isolates were 60% heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (hVISA) and 22% daptomycin nonsusceptible and belonged to the major MRSA clones: ST228-SCC\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mec<\/jats:italic>\n                    I (44%), ST8-SCC\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mec<\/jats:italic>\n                    IV (18%), ST239-SCC\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mec<\/jats:italic>\n                    III (16%), ST5-SCC\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mec<\/jats:italic>\n                    II (14%), and ST22-SCC\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mec<\/jats:italic>\n                    IVh (4%). Thirteen diverse RpoB amino acid substitutions were identified. Half of the strains harbored the H481N substitution, conferring low-level resistance. Different single mutations at the equivalent\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">locus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (H481D; H481Y) or in other\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">loci<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and multiple mutations conferred high-level resistance. In conclusion, this study investigated the nature of RIF-R in Italy among RIF-R-MRSA strains, finding a prevalence of ST228, strongly associated with reduced susceptibility to glycopeptides (hVISA). The spread of RIF-R strains in clinical settings represents a serious threat, due to their complex resistance nature even to new anti-Gram-positive drugs, making these infections particularly difficult to treat.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2017.0299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,29]],"date-time":"2017-11-29T10:25:10Z","timestamp":1511951110000},"page":"732-738","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Burden of Rifampicin- and Methicillin-Resistant\n                    <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>\n                    in Italy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Dafne","family":"Bongiorno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Catania","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gino","family":"Mongelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Catania","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Stefani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Catania","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Floriana","family":"Campanile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Catania","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s00294-015-0503-0","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus dynamically adapts global regulators and virulence factor expression in the course from acute to chronic infection","volume":"62","author":"Tuchscherr L.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tuchscherr L., , and L\u00f6ffler B.. 2016. Staphylococcus aureus dynamically adapts global regulators and virulence factor expression in the course from acute to chronic infection. Curr. Genet., 62:15\u201317.","journal-title":"Curr. Genet."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2011.09.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2680","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02144-10","article-title":"Impact of rpoB mutations on reduced vancomycin susceptibility in Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"49","author":"Watanabe Y.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Watanabe Y., , Cui L., , Katayama Y., , Kozue K., , and Hiramatsu K.. 2011. Impact of rpoB mutations on reduced vancomycin susceptibility in Staphylococcus aureus. J. Clin. Microbiol., 49:2680\u20132684.","journal-title":"J. Clin. 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