{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:27:51Z","timestamp":1777922871706,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In Serbia, the frequency of macrolide-resistant group A streptococci (MRGASs) increased significantly from 2006 to 2009. MRGAS analysis in 2008 revealed the presence of three major clonal lineages:\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">emm75<\/jats:italic>\n                    \/\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mefA<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">emm12<\/jats:italic>\n                    \/\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mefA<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">emm77<\/jats:italic>\n                    \/\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ermTR<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of macrolide resistance and to evaluate variations in the clonal composition of MRGASs. The study included 1,040 pharyngeal group A streptococci collected throughout Serbia, which were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. MRGAS isolates were further characterized by the presence of resistance determinants,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">emm<\/jats:italic>\n                    typing, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis. The prevalence of macrolide resistance was 9.6%, showing a slight decrease compared with the rate of 12.5% (2008). Tetracycline resistance was present in 6% of isolates, while norfloxacin nonsusceptibility detected for the first time in Serbia was 9.8%. The M phenotype dominated (84%), followed by the constitutive macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramin B phenotype (12%). Five\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">emm<\/jats:italic>\n                    types were detected:\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">emm75<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">emm12<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">emm1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">emm28<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">emm89<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">emm75<\/jats:italic>\n                    \/\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mefA<\/jats:italic>\n                    (62%),\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">emm12<\/jats:italic>\n                    \/\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mefA<\/jats:italic>\n                    (14%), and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">emm12<\/jats:italic>\n                    \/\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ermB<\/jats:italic>\n                    \/\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tetM<\/jats:italic>\n                    (6%) were predominant clones and were found in both the present and the previous study periods at different frequencies. The major change was the loss of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">emm77<\/jats:italic>\n                    \/\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ermTR<\/jats:italic>\n                    \/\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tetO<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which contributed to 15% of MRGASs in 2008.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2017.0306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,29]],"date-time":"2018-03-29T15:29:09Z","timestamp":1522337349000},"page":"1326-1332","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Changes in Macrolide Resistance Among Group A Streptococci in Serbia and Clonal Evolution of Resistant Isolates"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Ina","family":"Gajic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Belgrade","place":["Serbia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vera","family":"Mijac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Belgrade","place":["Serbia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lazar","family":"Ranin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Belgrade","place":["Serbia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edita","family":"Grego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public Health of Serbia \u201cDr. Milan Jovanovi\u0107 Batut","place":["Serbia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dusan","family":"Kekic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Belgrade","place":["Serbia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Boris","family":"Jegorovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Infectious and Tropical Diseases","place":["Serbia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Smitran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Banja Luka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suncica","family":"Popovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Belgrade","place":["Serbia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natasa","family":"Opavski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Belgrade","place":["Serbia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70267-X","article-title":"The global burden of group A streptococcal diseases","volume":"11","author":"Carapetis J.R.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Carapetis J.R., , Steer A.C., , Mulholland E.K., , and Weber M.. 2005. 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