{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T16:45:27Z","timestamp":1788885927604,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"\n The increasing trend of\n Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemases is a global public health concern. In this study, prevalence and molecular characteristics of\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n harboring ESBL and carbapenemase genes were investigated for 426 isolates derived from various clinical specimens in a teaching hospital in Yangon, Myanmar, for the 1-year period beginning January 2016. A total of 157 isolates (36.9%) were ESBL producers and harbored CTX-M-1 group genes (146 isolates;\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M-15<\/jats:sub>\n ,\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M55<\/jats:sub>\n ) or CTX-M-9 group genes (11 isolates;\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M-14<\/jats:sub>\n ,\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M-27<\/jats:sub>\n ). Carbapenem resistance was detected in 35 isolates (8.2%), among which 26 isolates had carbapenemase genes encoding NDM-1 (2 isolates), NDM-4 (6 isolates), NDM-5 (14 isolates), NDM-7 (3 isolates), and OXA-181 (2 isolates).\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n NDM-5<\/jats:sub>\n was identified in phylogenetic groups A, B1, and D isolates belonging to various genotypes (ST101, ST354, ST405, ST410, ST1196) associated with\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n TEM-1<\/jats:sub>\n ,\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M-15<\/jats:sub>\n ,\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n OXA-181<\/jats:sub>\n ,\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CMY-2<\/jats:sub>\n ,\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CMY-6<\/jats:sub>\n ,\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CMY-42<\/jats:sub>\n ,\n qnrB<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n qnrS<\/jats:italic>\n , or\n aac6\u2032-Ib-cr<\/jats:italic>\n . While two isolates with\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n OXA-181<\/jats:sub>\n belonged to phylogenetic group A-ST410, one isolate had also\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n NDM-5<\/jats:sub>\n , as well as\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M-15<\/jats:sub>\n and\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CMY-2<\/jats:sub>\n , and the other harbored\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CMY-42<\/jats:sub>\n and\n aac6\u2032-Ib-cr<\/jats:italic>\n , showing different resistance patterns. Phylogenetic group B2 isolates examined were classified into mostly ST131 and had solely\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M-15<\/jats:sub>\n or\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M-27<\/jats:sub>\n , harboring more virulence factors than other phylogenetic groups. The present study revealed high prevalence of ESBL genes represented by\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M-15<\/jats:sub>\n and dominance of\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n NDM-5<\/jats:sub>\n among NDM genes, disseminating to various\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n clones. Notably, carbapenemase gene encoding OXA-181 was first identified in Myanmar, suggesting its spread together with NDM genes.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2017.0387","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,22]],"date-time":"2018-03-22T11:38:54Z","timestamp":1521718734000},"page":"1333-1344","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase and Carbapenemase Genes in Clinical Isolates of\n Escherichia coli<\/i>\n in Myanmar: Dominance of\n bla<\/i>\n NDM-5<\/sub>\n and Emergence of\n bla<\/i>\n OXA-181<\/sub>"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Meiji Soe","family":"Aung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nilar","family":"San","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Medicine 2","place":["Myanmar"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Win Win","family":"Maw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Medicine 2","place":["Myanmar"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thida","family":"San","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yangon Children's Hospital","place":["Myanmar"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noriko","family":"Urushibara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitsuyo","family":"Kawaguchiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayako","family":"Sumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobumichi","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01169-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(08)70041-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","first-page":"263","article-title":"Carbapenem resistance in Enterobacteriaceae: here is the storm! Trends Mol","volume":"18","author":"Nordmann P.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nordmann P., , Dortet L., , and Poirel L.. 2012. Carbapenem resistance in Enterobacteriaceae: here is the storm! Trends Mol. Med., 18:263\u2013272.","journal-title":"Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx146"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.05035-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01099-09","article-title":"Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Enterobacteriaceae with decreased susceptibility to carbapenems: results from large hospital-based surveillance studies in China","volume":"54","author":"Yang Q.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yang Q., , Wang H., , Sun H., , Chen H., , Xu Y., , and Chen M.. 2010. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Enterobacteriaceae with decreased susceptibility to carbapenems: results from large hospital-based surveillance studies in China. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 54:573\u2013577.","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/249856"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/tru151","article-title":"Bloodstream infections at a tertiary referral hospital in Yangon, Myanmar","volume":"108","author":"Myat T.O.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Myat T.O., , Prasad N., , Thinn K.K., , Win K.K., , Htike W.W., , Zin K.N., , Murdoch D.R., , and Crump J.A.. 2014. Bloodstream infections at a tertiary referral hospital in Yangon, Myanmar. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 108:692\u2013698.","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. 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Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0184720","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0184720","article-title":"Genetic characterization of bla\n NDM-harboring plasmids in carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli from Myanmar","volume":"12","author":"Sugawara Y.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sugawara Y., , Akeda Y., , Sakamoto N., , Takeuchi D., , Motooka D., , Nakamura S., , Hagiya H., , Yamamoto N., , Nishi I., , Yoshida H., , Okada K., , Zin K.N., , Aye M.M., , Tonomo K., , and Hamada S.. 2017. Genetic characterization of blaNDM-harboring plasmids in carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli from Myanmar. PLoS One, 12:e0184720.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). 2014. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Twenty-Fourth Informational Supplement M100-S24. 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