{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T15:38:30Z","timestamp":1790005110892,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"\n The emergence and spread of multidrug resistance (MDR) plasmids carrying the colistin resistance gene\n mcr-1<\/jats:italic>\n has become a major public health concern. However, there is a paucity of data regarding the prevalence of\n mcr-1<\/jats:italic>\n plasmids concomitantly carrying\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n and\n oqxAB<\/jats:italic>\n , an efflux pump that confers resistance to multiple agents. In this study, we determined the prevalence and characteristics of plasmids coharboring\n mcr<\/jats:italic>\n -\n 1<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n oqxAB<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n as well as those harboring\n oqxAB<\/jats:italic>\n and\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n in\n Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n from food-producing animals. We isolated 493\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n strains, and\n mcr-1<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n NDM<\/jats:sub>\n , and\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n were present in 140 (28.4%), 51 (10.3%), and 195 (39.6%) of the isolates, respectively. The two most prevalent plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes were\n oqxAB<\/jats:italic>\n (34.5%) and\n qnrS<\/jats:italic>\n (29.4%). Nine IncHI2\/ST3 plasmids co-carrying\n mcr-1<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n oqxAB<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n were found, and similar IncHI2\/ST3 plasmids mediated dissemination of these resistance genes. Two sequenced MDR IncHI2\/ST3 plasmids coharboring\n mcr-1<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n oqxAB<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n showed high similarity to reference plasmid pHNSHP45-2, although they were from different regions in China. Colocalization of\n oqxAB<\/jats:italic>\n and\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n on the same plasmid was found in 28 isolates, including the nine plasmids harboring\n mcr-1<\/jats:italic>\n . The co-dissemination of\n oqxAB<\/jats:italic>\n and\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n was mediated by diverse F33:A-:B- plasmids and similar IncHI2\/ST3 plasmids. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing analysis of donor isolates revealed heterogeneous patterns indicating that clonal dissemination was unlikely. The high incidence of similar IncHI2\/ST3 plasmids simultaneously possessing\n mcr<\/jats:italic>\n -\n 1<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n oqxAB<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n poses a great threat to public health.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2017.0391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,4]],"date-time":"2018-09-04T15:47:35Z","timestamp":1536076055000},"page":"108-119","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Characterization of Highly Prevalent Plasmids Coharboring\n mcr<\/i>\n -\n 1<\/i>\n ,\n oqxAB<\/i>\n , and\n bla<\/i>\n CTX-M<\/sub>\n and Plasmids Harboring\n oqxAB<\/i>\n and\n bla<\/i>\n CTX-M<\/sub>\n in\n Escherichia coli<\/i>\n Isolates from Food-Producing Animals in China"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Bao-Tao","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao Agricultural University","place":["China"]},{"name":"Qingdao Agricultural University","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng-Jing","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao Agricultural University","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00424-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00541-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)00009-8","article-title":"Colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing and carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria in Germany","volume":"16","author":"Falgenhauer L.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Falgenhauer L., , Waezsada S.E., , Yao Y., , Imirzalioglu C., , Kasbohrer A., , Roesler U., , Michael G.B., , Schwarz S., , Werner G., , Kreienbrock L., , Chakraborty T., , and Consortium RESET. 2016. Colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing and carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria in Germany. Lancet Infect. Dis., 16:282\u2013283.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)00010-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","first-page":"e02347","article-title":"High incidence of Escherichia coli strains coharboring mcr-1 and bla\n NDM from chickens","volume":"61","author":"Liu B.T.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu B.T., , Song F.J., , Zou M., , Zhang Q.D., , and Shan H.. 2017. High incidence of Escherichia coli strains coharboring mcr-1 and blaNDM from chickens. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 61:pii: e02347-16.","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)00063-3","article-title":"Dissemination of the mcr-1 colistin resistance gene","volume":"16","author":"Zhi C.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhi C., , Lv L., , Yu L.F., , Doi Y., , and Liu J.H.. 2016. Dissemination of the mcr-1 colistin resistance gene. Lancet Infect. Dis., 16:292\u2013293.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkw411"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e73947","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0073947","article-title":"Dissemination and characterization of plasmids carrying oqxAB-bla\n CTX-M genes in Escherichia coli isolates from food-producing animals","volume":"8","author":"Liu B.T.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Liu B.T., , Yang Q.E., , Li L., , Sun J., , Liao X.P., , Fang L.X., , Yang S.S., , Deng H., , and Liu Y.H.. 2013. Dissemination and characterization of plasmids carrying oqxAB-blaCTX-M genes in Escherichia coli isolates from food-producing animals. PLoS One, 8:e73947.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2263","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkt209","article-title":"Spread of oqxAB in Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium predominantly by IncHI2 plasmids","volume":"68","author":"Li L.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Li L., , Liao X., , Yang Y., , Sun J., , Liu B., , Yang S., , Ma J., , Li X., , Zhang Q., , and Liu Y.. 2013. Spread of oqxAB in Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium predominantly by IncHI2 plasmids. J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 68:2263\u20132268.","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2014.05.014","article-title":"Co-spread of oqxAB and bla\n CTX-M-9G in non-Typhi Salmonella enterica isolates mediated by ST2-IncHI2 plasmids","volume":"44","author":"Li L.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li L., , Liao X.P., , Liu Z.Z., , Huang T., , Li X., , Sun J., , Liu B.T., , Zhang Q., , and Liu Y.H.. 2014. Co-spread of oqxAB and blaCTX-M-9G in non-Typhi Salmonella enterica isolates mediated by ST2-IncHI2 plasmids. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents, 44:263\u2013268.","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","first-page":"1117","article-title":"Complete sequence of pEC012, a multidrug-resistant IncI1 ST71 plasmid carrying bla\n CTX-M-65, rmtB, fosA3, floR, and oqxAB in an avian Escherichia coli ST117 strain","volume":"7","author":"Pan Y.S.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pan Y.S., , Zong Z.Y., , Yuan L., , Du X.D., , Huang H., , Zhong X.H., , and Hu G.Z.. 2016. Complete sequence of pEC012, a multidrug-resistant IncI1 ST71 plasmid carrying blaCTX-M-65, rmtB, fosA3, floR, and oqxAB in an avian Escherichia coli ST117 strain. Front. Microbiol., 7:1117.","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","first-page":"1729","article-title":"Complete sequence of a F33:A-:B- conjugative plasmid carrying the oqxAB, fosA3, and bla\n CTX-M-55 elements from a foodborne Escherichia coli strain","volume":"7","author":"Wong M.H.","unstructured":"Wong M.H., , Xie M., , Xie L., , Lin D., , Li R., , Zhou Y., , Chan E.W., , and Chen S.. 2016. Complete sequence of a F33:A-:B- conjugative plasmid carrying the oqxAB, fosA3, and blaCTX-M-55 elements from a foodborne Escherichia coli strain. Front. Microbiol., 7:1729.","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","volume-title":"CLSI Document M100-S25.","author":"CLSI","year":"2015","unstructured":"CLSI. 2015. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Twenty-Fifth Informational Supplement. CLSI Document M100-S25. Wayne, PA."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","unstructured":"CLSI. 2015. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk and Dilution Susceptibility Tests for Bacterial Isolated from Animals; Approved Standard-Fourth Edition and Supplement VET01A4E and VET01S3E. CLSI Wayne PA."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr172","article-title":"Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants oqxAB and aac(6\u2032)-Ib-cr and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase gene bla\n CTX-M-24 co-located on the same plasmid in one Escherichia coli strain from China","volume":"66","author":"Liu B.T.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Liu B.T., , Wang X.M., , Liao X.P., , Sun J., , Zhu H.Q., , Chen X.Y., , and Liu Y.H.. 2011. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants oqxAB and aac(6\u2032)-Ib-cr and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase gene blaCTX-M-24 co-located on the same plasmid in one Escherichia coli strain from China. J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 66:1638\u20131639.","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.06191-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.6.2056-2058.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.12.015","article-title":"Detection and characterisation of CTX-M and CMY-2 beta-lactamases among Escherichia coli isolates from farm animals in Guangdong Province of China","volume":"29","author":"Liu J.H.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Liu J.H., , Wei S.Y., , Ma J.Y., , Zeng Z.L., , Lu D.H., , Yang G.X., , and Chen Z.L.. 2007. Detection and characterisation of CTX-M and CMY-2 beta-lactamases among Escherichia coli isolates from farm animals in Guangdong Province of China. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents, 29:576\u2013581.","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.8.3533-3537.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks465"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00997-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01400-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2008.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01137-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2010.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkm065"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.35.11.2977-2980.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2006.05172.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2005.03.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plasmid.2012.03.001","article-title":"Expansion of the IncX plasmid family for improved identification and typing of novel plasmids in drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae","volume":"68","author":"Johnson T.J.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Johnson T.J., , Bielak E.M., , Fortini D., , Hansen L.H., , Hasman H., , Debroy C., , Nolan L.K., , and Carattoli A.. 2012. Expansion of the IncX plasmid family for improved identification and typing of novel plasmids in drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Plasmid, 68:43\u201350.","journal-title":"Plasmid"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5019","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01397-13","article-title":"Complete nucleotide sequence of a bla\n KPC-harboring IncI2 plasmid and its dissemination in New Jersey and New York hospitals","volume":"57","author":"Chen L.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chen L., , Chavda K.D., , Al Laham N., , Melano R.G., , Jacobs M.R., , Bonomo R.A., , and Kreiswirth B.N.. 2013. Complete nucleotide sequence of a blaKPC-harboring IncI2 plasmid and its dissemination in New Jersey and New York hospitals. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 57:5019\u20135025.","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq101"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq347"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1995.1220"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-12-402"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00774-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)00007-4","article-title":"Co-occurrence of extended spectrum beta lactamase and MCR-1 encoding genes on plasmids","volume":"16","author":"Haenni M.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Haenni M., , Poirel L., , Kieffer N., , Chatre P., , Saras E., , Metayer V., , Dumoulin R., , Nordmann P., , and Madec J.Y.. 2016. Co-occurrence of extended spectrum beta lactamase and MCR-1 encoding genes on plasmids. Lancet Infect. Dis., 16:281\u2013282.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01103-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","first-page":"e02569","article-title":"Occurrence of bla\n KPC-2, bla\n CTX-M and mcr-1 in Enterobacteriaceae from well water in rural China","volume":"61","author":"Sun P.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sun P., , Bi Z., , Nilsson M., , Zheng B., , Berglund B., , Stalsby Lundborg C., , Borjesson S., , Li X., , Chen B., , Yin H., , and Nilsson L.E.. 2017. Occurrence of blaKPC-2, blaCTX-M and mcr-1 in Enterobacteriaceae from well water in rural China. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 61:pii:e02569-16.","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2302.161543"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis929"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16260","DOI":"10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2016.260","article-title":"Comprehensive resistome analysis reveals the prevalence of NDM and MCR-1 in Chinese poultry production","volume":"2","author":"Wang Y.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang Y., , Zhang R., , Li J., , Wu Z., , Yin W., , Schwarz S., , Tyrrell J.M., , Zheng Y., , Wang S., , Shen Z., , Liu Z., , Liu J., , Lei L., , Li M., , Zhang Q., , Wu C., , Zhang Q., , Wu Y., , Walsh T.R., , and Shen J.. 2017. Comprehensive resistome analysis reveals the prevalence of NDM and MCR-1 in Chinese poultry production. Nat. Microbiol., 2:16260.","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."}],"container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/mdr.2017.0391","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/mdr.2017.0391","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/mdr.2017.0391","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:32:51Z","timestamp":1777667571000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1089\/mdr.2017.0391"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/mdr.2017.0391"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/mdr.2017.0391","relation":{},"ISSN":["1076-6294","1931-8448"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1076-6294","type":"print"},{"value":"1931-8448","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]}}}