{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:28:20Z","timestamp":1777922900078,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Although case reports and clinical studies of linezolid (LZD)-resistant\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (LREF) have gradually increased in recent years, the relationship between LZD resistance and antibiotic consumption in hospital settings still remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the dynamic relationship between the yearly detection frequency of LREF clinical isolates and yearly consumption of LZD and vancomycin (VCM) over a 5-year period in a Chinese hospital setting. Antibiotic consumption data (LZD and VCM) from 2011 to 2015 were obtained from a computerized database and recalculated as the defined daily doses (DDDs) per 100 bed-days (DBD). All 268\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    clinical isolates were retrospectively collected from 2011 to 2015 in this hospital. LZD resistance mechanism and multilocus sequence typing of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    were determined by PCR. The annual detection frequency of LREF clinical isolates tested in this hospital was shown with 1.89% (1\/53), 2% (1\/50), 2.04% (1\/49), 0% (0\/45), and 7.04% (5\/71), respectively, and the detection frequency of LZD-nonsusceptible\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (LNSEF;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200959, including LZD-resistant and intermediate isolates) was determined with 26.42% (14\/53), 34% (17\/50), 16.33% (8\/49), 22.22% (10\/45), and 14.08% (10\/71), respectively. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that LZD DBD significantly correlated positively with the detection frequency of LREF (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.886,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.019). Moreover, VCM DBD significantly correlated positively with the frequency of LNSEF (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.943,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.005). Furthermore, the detection frequency of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">optrA<\/jats:italic>\n                    -positive\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    also correlated positively with high LZD consumption load in this hospital setting. Conclusively, high LZD consumption load facilitates the development of LZD resistance and promotes the selection of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">optrA<\/jats:italic>\n                    -positive\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    clinical isolates under antibiotic pressure in a hospital setting.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2018.0005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,14]],"date-time":"2019-02-14T10:34:13Z","timestamp":1550140453000},"page":"791-798","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Linezolid Consumption Facilitates the Development of Linezolid Resistance in\n                    <i>Enterococcus faecalis<\/i>\n                    in a Tertiary-Care Hospital: A 5-Year Surveillance Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Bing","family":"Bai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Shenzhen Nanshan Hospital of Shenzhen University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China."},{"name":"Quality Control Center of Hospital Infection Management of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaitao","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Shenzhen Nanshan Hospital of Shenzhen University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China."},{"name":"Quality Control Center of Hospital Infection Management of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Digestive Diseases, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weiming","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Shenzhen Nanshan Hospital of Shenzhen University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China."},{"name":"Quality Control Center of Hospital Infection Management of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Duoyun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Shenzhen Nanshan Hospital of Shenzhen University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China."},{"name":"Quality Control Center of Hospital Infection Management of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhangya","family":"Pu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Shenzhen Nanshan Hospital of Shenzhen University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China."},{"name":"Quality Control Center of Hospital Infection Management of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Shenzhen Nanshan Hospital of Shenzhen University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China."},{"name":"Quality Control Center of Hospital Infection Management of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hang","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Shenzhen Nanshan Hospital of Shenzhen University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China."},{"name":"Quality Control Center of Hospital Infection Management of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinxin","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Shenzhen Nanshan Hospital of Shenzhen University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China."},{"name":"Quality Control Center of Hospital Infection Management of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China."},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Science and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weiguang","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Shenzhen Nanshan Hospital of Shenzhen University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China."},{"name":"Quality Control Center of Hospital Infection Management of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiwei","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Shenzhen Nanshan Hospital of Shenzhen University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China."},{"name":"Quality Control Center of Hospital Infection Management of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China."},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Science and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lixia","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Shenzhen Nanshan Hospital of Shenzhen University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China."},{"name":"Quality Control Center of Hospital Infection Management of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China."},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice and Translational Research, University of Houston, Houston, Texas."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiwen","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Shenzhen Nanshan Hospital of Shenzhen University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China."},{"name":"Quality Control Center of Hospital Infection Management of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhijian","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Shenzhen Nanshan Hospital of Shenzhen University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China."},{"name":"Quality Control Center of Hospital Infection Management of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China."},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice and Translational Research, University of Houston, Houston, Texas."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01289-13","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of linezolid versus daptomycin for treatment of vancomycin-resistant enterococcal bacteremia","volume":"2","author":"Balli E.P.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Balli E.P., , Venetis C.A., , and Miyakis S.. 2014. Systematic review and meta-analysis of linezolid versus daptomycin for treatment of vancomycin-resistant enterococcal bacteremia. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2:734\u2013739.","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2015.09.006","article-title":"First outbreak of linezolid-resistant vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium in an Irish hospital, February to September 2014","volume":"4","author":"O'Driscoll C.","year":"2015","unstructured":"O'Driscoll C., , Murphy V., , Doyle O., , Wrenn C., , Flynn A., , O'Flaherty N., , Fenelon L.E., , Schaffer K., , and FitzGerald S.F.. 2015. First outbreak of linezolid-resistant vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium in an Irish hospital, February to September 2014. J. Hosp. Infect. 4:367\u2013370.","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Infect"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-008-0514-6","article-title":"Molecular characterisation of linezolid resistance in two vancomycin-resistant (VanB) Enterococcus faecium isolates using Pyrosequencing","volume":"9","author":"Saager B.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Saager B., , Rohde H., , Timmerbeil B.S., , Franke G., , Pothmann W., , Dahlke J., , Scherpe S., , Sobottka I., , Heisig P., , and Horstkotte M.A.. 2008. Molecular characterisation of linezolid resistance in two vancomycin-resistant (VanB) Enterococcus faecium isolates using Pyrosequencing. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 9:873\u2013878.","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.06091-11","article-title":"First report of the multidrug resistance gene cfr in Enterococcus faecalis of animal origin","volume":"3","author":"Liu Y.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liu Y., , Wang Y., , Wu C., , Shen Z., , Schwarz S., , Du X.D., , Dai L., , Zhang W., , Zhang Q., , and Shen J.. 2012. First report of the multidrug resistance gene cfr in Enterococcus faecalis of animal origin. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 3:1650\u20131654.","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","first-page":"42","volume":"1","author":"Liu Y.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Liu Y., , Wang Y., , Schwarz S., , Li Y., , Shen Z., , Zhang Q., , Wu C., , and Shen J.. 2013. Transferable multiresistance plasmids carrying cfr in Enterococcus spp. from swine and farm environment. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1:42\u201348.","journal-title":"Transferable multiresistance plasmids carrying cfr in Enterococcus spp. from swine and farm environment. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6256","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01473-15","article-title":"Detection of a new cfr-like gene, cfr(B), in Enterococcus faecium isolates recovered from human specimens in the United States as part of the SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program","volume":"10","author":"Deshpande L.M.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Deshpande L.M., , Ashcraft D.S., , Kahn H.P., , Pankey G., , Jones R.N., , Farrell D.J., , and Mendes R.E.. 2015. Detection of a new cfr-like gene, cfr(B), in Enterococcus faecium isolates recovered from human specimens in the United States as part of the SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 10:6256\u20136261.","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","article-title":"Enterococcal isolates carrying the novel oxazolidinone resistance gene optrA from hospitals in Zhejiang, Guangdong, and Henan, China, 2010\u20132014","volume":"12","author":"Cai J.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cai J., , Wang Y., , Schwarz S., , Lv H., , Li Y., Liao K., Yu S., , Zhao K., , Gu D., , Wang X., , Zhang R., , andShen J.. 2015. Enterococcal isolates carrying the novel oxazolidinone resistance gene optrA from hospitals in Zhejiang, Guangdong, and Henan, China, 2010\u20132014. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 12:1095.e1\u2013e4.","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2182","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkv116","article-title":"A novel gene, optrA, that confers transferable resistance to oxazolidinones and phenicols and its presence in Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium of human and animal origin","volume":"8","author":"Wang Y.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang Y., , Lv Y., , Cai J., , Schwarz S., , Cui L., , Hu Z., , Zhang R., , Li J., , Zhao Q., , He T., , Wang D., , Wang Z., , Shen Y., , Li Y., , Fessler A.T., , Wu C., , Yu H., , Deng X., , Xia X., , and Shen J.. 2015. A novel gene, optrA, that confers transferable resistance to oxazolidinones and phenicols and its presence in Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium of human and animal origin. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 8:2182\u20132190.","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkw016","article-title":"Genetic environment of the transferable oxazolidinone\/phenicol resistance gene optrA in Enterococcus faecalis isolates of human and animal origin","volume":"6","author":"He T.","year":"2016","unstructured":"He T., , Shen Y., , Schwarz S., , Cai J., , Lv Y., , Li J., , Fessler A.T., , Zhang R., , Wu C., , Shen J., , and Wang Y.. 2016. Genetic environment of the transferable oxazolidinone\/phenicol resistance gene optrA in Enterococcus faecalis isolates of human and animal origin. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 6:1466\u20131473.","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2017.10.018","article-title":"The emerging problem of linezolid-resistant enterococci","volume":"13","author":"Bi R.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bi R., , Qin T., , Fan W., , Ma P., , and Gu B.. 2017. The emerging problem of linezolid-resistant enterococci. J. Glob. Antimicrob. Resist. 13:11\u201319.","journal-title":"J. Glob. Antimicrob. Resist"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2009.0028","article-title":"Molecular epidemiologic analysis of Enterococcus faecalis isolates in Cuba by multilocus sequence typing","volume":"4","author":"Quinones D.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Quinones D., , Kobayashi N., , and Nagashima S.. 2009. Molecular epidemiologic analysis of Enterococcus faecalis isolates in Cuba by multilocus sequence typing. Microb. Drug Resist. 4:287\u2013293.","journal-title":"Microb. Drug Resist"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2014.06.017","article-title":"Recurrent linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecalis infection in a patient with pneumonia","volume":"30","author":"Yu Z.J.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yu Z.J., , Chen Z., , Cheng H., , Zheng J.X., , Pan W.G., , Yang W.Z., , and Deng Q.W.. 2015. Recurrent linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecalis infection in a patient with pneumonia. Int. J. Infect. Dis. 30:49\u201351.","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","first-page":"3334","volume":"10","author":"Marshall S.H.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Marshall S.H., , Donskey C.J., , Hutton-Thomas R., , Salata R.A., , and Rice L.B.. 2002. Gene dosage and linezolid resistance in Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 10:3334\u20133336.","journal-title":"Gene dosage and linezolid resistance in Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2256","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00070-08","article-title":"Increasing incidence of linezolid-intermediate or -resistant, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium strains parallels increasing linezolid consumption","volume":"6","author":"Scheetz M.H.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Scheetz M.H., , Knechtel S.A., , Malczynski M., , Postelnick M.J., , and Qi C.. 2008. Increasing incidence of linezolid-intermediate or -resistant, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium strains parallels increasing linezolid consumption. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 6:2256\u20132259.","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E146","DOI":"10.1086\/374929","article-title":"Linezolid-resistant, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium infection in patients without prior exposure to linezolid","volume":"11","author":"Rahim S.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rahim S., , Pillai S.K., , Gold H.S., , Venkataraman L., , Inglima K., , and Press R.A.. 2003. Linezolid-resistant, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium infection in patients without prior exposure to linezolid. Clin. Infect. Dis. 11:E146\u2013E148.","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","first-page":"13","article-title":"The first linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecium in India: high level resistance in a patient with no previous antibiotic exposure","volume":"1","author":"Kumar S.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kumar S., , Bandyoapdhyay M., , Chatterjee M., , Mukhopadhyay P., , Poddar S., , and Banerjee P.. 2014. The first linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecium in India: high level resistance in a patient with no previous antibiotic exposure. Avicenna J. Med. 1:13\u201316.","journal-title":"Avicenna J. Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1097\/MPH.0b013e3180f61b81","article-title":"Gut overgrowth of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) results in linezolid-resistant mutation in a child with severe congenital neutropenia: a case report","volume":"8","author":"Verma N.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Verma N., , Clarke R.W., , Bolton-Maggs P.H., , and van Saene H.K.. 2007. Gut overgrowth of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) results in linezolid-resistant mutation in a child with severe congenital neutropenia: a case report. J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol. 8:557\u2013560.","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2014.12.013","article-title":"Incidence, management and outcomes of the first cfr-mediated linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis outbreak in a tertiary referral centre in the Republic of Ireland","volume":"4","author":"O'Connor C.","year":"2015","unstructured":"O'Connor C., , Powell J., , Finnegan C., , O'Gorman A., , Barrett S., , Hopkins K.L., , Pichon B., , Hill R., , Power L., , Woodford N., , Coffey J.C., , Kearns A., , O'Connell N.H., , and Dunne C.P.. 2015. Incidence, management and outcomes of the first cfr-mediated linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis outbreak in a tertiary referral centre in the Republic of Ireland. J. Hosp. Infect. 4:316\u2013321.","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Infect"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","first-page":"938937","article-title":"High genetic diversity of Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis clinical isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing from a hospital in Malaysia","volume":"2013","author":"Weng P.L.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Weng P.L., , Ramli R., , Shamsudin M.N., , Cheah Y.K., , and Hamat R.A.. 2013. High genetic diversity of Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis clinical isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing from a hospital in Malaysia. Biomed. Res. Int. 2013:938937.","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2017.01.035","article-title":"Detection of novel oxazolidinone and phenicol resistance gene optrA in enterococcal isolates from food animals and animal carcasses","volume":"201","author":"Tamang M.D.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tamang M.D., , Moon D.C., , Kim S.R., , Kang H.Y., , Lee K., , Nam H.M., , Jang G.C., , Lee H.S., , Jung S.C., , and Lim S.K.. 2017. Detection of novel oxazolidinone and phenicol resistance gene optrA in enterococcal isolates from food animals and animal carcasses. Vet. Microbiol. 201:252\u2013256.","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","first-page":"4439","volume":"10","author":"Feng J.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Feng J., , Billal D.S., , Lupien A., , Racine G., , Winstall E., , Legare D., , Leprohon P., , and Ouellette M.. 2011. Proteomic and transcriptomic analysis of linezolid resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae. J. Proteome Res. 10:4439\u20134452.","journal-title":"Proteomic and transcriptomic analysis of linezolid resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae. J. Proteome Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.089342.108","article-title":"Genome sequencing of linezolid-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants reveals novel mechanisms of resistance","volume":"7","author":"Feng J.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Feng J., , Lupien A., , Gingras H., , Wasserscheid J., , Dewar K., , Legare D., , and Ouellette M.. 2009. Genome sequencing of linezolid-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants reveals novel mechanisms of resistance. Genome Res. 7:1214\u20131223.","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","unstructured":"WHO. 2012. Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology Guidelines for ATC classification and DDD assignment. 2013. Oslo."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2220","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02596-05","article-title":"Multilocus sequence typing scheme for Enterococcus faecalis reveals hospital-adapted genetic complexes in a background of high rates of recombination","volume":"6","author":"Ruiz-Garbajosa P.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ruiz-Garbajosa P., , Bonten M.J., , Robinson D.A., , Top J., , Nallapareddy S.R., , Torres C., , Coque T.M., , Canton R., , Baquero F., , Murray B.E., , del Campo R., , and Willems R.J.. 2006. Multilocus sequence typing scheme for Enterococcus faecalis reveals hospital-adapted genetic complexes in a background of high rates of recombination. J. Clin. Microbiol. 6:2220\u20132228.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1086\/513876","article-title":"Dose dependence of emergence of resistance to linezolid in Enterococcus faecalis in vivo","volume":"10","author":"Bourgeois-Nicolaos N.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bourgeois-Nicolaos N., , Massias L., , Couson B., , Butel M.J., , Andremont A., , and Doucet-Populaire F.. 2007. Dose dependence of emergence of resistance to linezolid in Enterococcus faecalis in vivo. J. Infect. Dis. 10:1480\u20131488.","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","first-page":"3917","volume":"7","author":"Diaz L.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Diaz L., , Kiratisin P., , Mendes R.E., , Panesso D., , Singh K.V., , and Arias C.A.. 2012. Transferable plasmid-mediated resistance to linezolid due to cfr in a human clinical isolate of Enterococcus faecalis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 7:3917\u20133922.","journal-title":"Transferable plasmid-mediated resistance to linezolid due to cfr in a human clinical isolate of Enterococcus faecalis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","first-page":"DC04","volume":"2","author":"Rengaraj R.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rengaraj R., , Mariappan S., , Sekar U., , and Kamalanadhan A.. 2016. Detection of vancomycin resistance among Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus. J. Clin. Diagn. Res. 2:DC04-6.","journal-title":"Detection of vancomycin resistance among Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus. J. Clin. Diagn. Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","first-page":"DC06","article-title":"Screening for intestinal colonization with vancomycin resistant Enterococci and associated risk factors among patients admitted to an adult intensive care unit of a large teaching hospital","volume":"9","author":"Amberpet R.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Amberpet R., , Sistla S., , Parija S.C., , and Thabah M.M.. 2016. Screening for intestinal colonization with vancomycin resistant Enterococci and associated risk factors among patients admitted to an adult intensive care unit of a large teaching hospital. J. Clin. Diagn. Res. 9:DC06\u2013DC09.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Diagn. Res"}],"container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/mdr.2018.0005","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/mdr.2018.0005","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/mdr.2018.0005","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:33:00Z","timestamp":1777667580000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1089\/mdr.2018.0005"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/mdr.2018.0005"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/mdr.2018.0005","relation":{},"ISSN":["1076-6294","1931-8448"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1076-6294","type":"print"},{"value":"1931-8448","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]}}}