{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:28:46Z","timestamp":1777922926831,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551398400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This study aimed to investigate how efflux pump activity contributes to high fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Campylobacter jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Campylobacter coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates and to evaluate the modulatory effects of \u03b1-tocopherol and aspirin on FQ phenotypic resistance profiles. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were obtained for different FQ agents following exposure to different efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs), including Pa\u03b2N (50\u2009\u03bcg\/mL), which targets the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">cmeABC<\/jats:italic>\n                    efflux system, and chlorpromazine (45\u2009\u03bcg\/mL) and verapamil (120\u2009\u03bcg\/mL), which target the MFS efflux system. The modulatory effects of aspirin (100 and 200\u2009\u03bcg\/mL) and \u03b1-tocopherol (4 and 10\u2009\u03bcg\/mL) on FQ resistance profiles were examined. Pa\u03b2N had no effect on the MIC values of all FQ agents, while MFS efflux system inhibitors reduced the resistance level of different FQ agents and achieved an effect nearly comparable with that of \u03b1-tocopherol (10\u2009\u03bcg\/mL). Aspirin exerted a dose-dependent excitatory effect on phenotypic resistance profiles, and this may raise concerns about its usage in both veterinary and clinical settings. While an efflux system other than\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">cmeABC<\/jats:italic>\n                    may play a role in FQ resistance in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    species, lipophilic substances may represent a new approach for controlling efflux pump activities.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2018.0086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,2]],"date-time":"2018-10-02T12:14:08Z","timestamp":1538482448000},"page":"203-211","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Efflux Pump Inhibitors, Alpha-Tocopherol and Aspirin: Role in\n                    <i>Campylobacter jejuni<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Campylobacter coli<\/i>\n                    Fluoroquinolone Resistance"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Ashraf A.","family":"Abd El-Tawab","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Benha University","place":["Egypt"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"Ammar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zagazig University","place":["Egypt"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heba A.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zagazig University","place":["Egypt"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed A.","family":"Hefny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkm300"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.10.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268803008355"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.2.699-707.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.8.3347-3354.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq418"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li X.-Z. 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