{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:28:46Z","timestamp":1777922926926,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]],"date-time":"2019-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567296000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]]},"abstract":"\n Aim:<\/jats:title>\n \n To characterize mutations in\n penA<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n mtrR<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n ponA<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n \n porB\n IB<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:italic>\n , considered target genes for antimicrobial resistance, in\n Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n isolates with elevated minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ceftriaxone cultured from patients in New Zealand.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Out of 28 isolates supplied by the Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited (ESR), Porirua, New Zealand, 14 were found to show reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxone (MIC of 0.06\u2009mg\/L) according to criteria used by the ESR and the Australian Gonococcal Surveillance Programme (AGSP) when tested in our laboratory. Rates of resistance to ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, penicillin, and tetracycline were 100% (28\/28), 7% (2\/28), 36% (10\/28), and 25% (7\/28), respectively. Ten different\n penA<\/jats:italic>\n (Penicillin binding protein 2 [PBP2]) sequences were observed. The most common mosaic\n penA<\/jats:italic>\n M-1 resembled mosaic\n penA<\/jats:italic>\n XXXIV, which has been associated with ceftriaxone treatment failures in other countries. Four semimosaic PBP2 sequences were observed and may be novel PBP sequences, while four out of five nonmosaic PBP2 sequences were similar to PBP2 sequences reported in Australia. Twenty-one isolates harbored mutations in all 4 genes (\n penA<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n mtrR<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n \n porB\n IB<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:italic>\n , and\n ponA<\/jats:italic>\n ), and 13 of these exhibited reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxone.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n \n Mutations in\n penA<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n mtrR<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n \n porB\n IB<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:italic>\n , and\n ponA<\/jats:italic>\n observed in this study may have contributed to reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxone among New Zealand gonococcal isolates. Over half (16\/22) of mosaic\n penA<\/jats:italic>\n sequences from the gonococcal isolates resembled\n penA<\/jats:italic>\n XXXIV.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2018.0111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,25]],"date-time":"2019-04-25T10:12:39Z","timestamp":1556187159000},"page":"1003-1011","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of\n Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/i>\n Isolates from New Zealand with Reduced Susceptibility to Ceftriaxone"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Norshuhaidah","family":"Jamaludin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand."},{"name":"National Blood Centre (PDN), Transfusion Microbiology Laboratory Department, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristene","family":"Gedye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Collins-Emerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"mEpilab, Hopkirk Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jackie","family":"Benschop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"mEpilab, Hopkirk Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Nulsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-104-2-187"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181c3ef29"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)02190-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","first-page":"590","article-title":"Update to CDC's Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2010: oral cephalosporins no longer a recommended treatment for gonococcal infections","volume":"61","author":"del Rio C.","year":"2012","unstructured":"del Rio C., , Hall G., , Holmes K., , Soge O., , Hook E.W., , Kirkcaldy R.D., , Workowski K.A., , Kidd S., , Weinstock H.S., , Papp J.R., , Trees D., , Peterman T.A., , and Bolan G.. 2012. Update to CDC's Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2010: oral cephalosporins no longer a recommended treatment for gonococcal infections. MMWR Morb. Mortal Wkly. Rep. 61:590\u2013594.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal Wkly. Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkt017"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.17.25.20200-en"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2014.19.30.20862"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.16.06.19792-en"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2201.150868"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","unstructured":"The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). 2018. Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and zone diameter. 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