{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:11:05Z","timestamp":1787008265729,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]],"date-time":"2019-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Few studies describe the molecular characterization of mupirocin resistance in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains. In this study, we evaluated the characteristics of mupirocin resistance in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates for 1-year period in Tehran, Iran. In a cross-sectional study, we collected 51 unique mupirocin-resistant strains obtained from 648\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates. High- and low-level resistance were determined by minimum inhibitory concentration with broth microdilution method. Presence of the genes for resistance to antibiotics and toxins was detected by polymerase chain reaction assays. Genotyping was performed by\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    protein A (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">spa<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCC\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mec<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) typing, whereas clones were determined by multilocus sequence typing. Among mupirocin-resistant isolates, methicillin-resistant\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (MRSA) 23 (45.1%) and 28 (54.9%) isolates were classified as high- and low-level mupirocin resistance, respectively. Among the 51 tested strains 25 (49%) isolates were positive for\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mupA<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes. Seven different clones were detected in this study. High-level mupirocin-resistant (HLMUPR) strains belonged to ST8-SCC\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mec<\/jats:italic>\n                    IV\/t064 (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200910, 19.6%), ST5-SCC\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mec<\/jats:italic>\n                    IV\/t002 (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20095, 9.8%), ST8-SCC\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mec<\/jats:italic>\n                    IV\/t008 (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20094, 7.8%), and ST239-SCC\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mec<\/jats:italic>\n                    III\/t631 (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20094, 7.8%) clones, while low-level mupirocin-resistant (LLMUPR) strains belonged to ST22-SCC\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mec<\/jats:italic>\n                    IV\/t790 (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200911, 21.6%), ST239-SCC\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mec<\/jats:italic>\n                    III\/t860 (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20099, 17.7%), and ST15-SCC\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mec<\/jats:italic>\n                    IV\/t084 (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20098, 15.7%) clones. Two strains belonged to ST22-SCC\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mec<\/jats:italic>\n                    IV\/t790 clone, despite carrying\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mupA<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene, and demonstrated LLMUPR phenotype. One ST8-SCC\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mec<\/jats:italic>\n                    IV\/t008 strain with HLMUPR was confirmed as Vancomycin-intermediate\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    strain. Our data demonstrated the need for thorough epidemiological monitoring and a routine mupirocin testing program to prevent and detect mupirocin resistance in MRSA.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2018.0146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,30]],"date-time":"2018-11-30T10:11:56Z","timestamp":1543572716000},"page":"558-566","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Genetic Diversity Analysis of Mupirocin-Resistant\n                    <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>\n                    Clinical Isolates in Tehran Hospitals, Iran"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Goudarzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Fazeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gita","family":"Eslami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramin","family":"Pouriran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0155529","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0155529","article-title":"Molecular characterization of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from intensive care units in Iran: ST22-SCCmec IV\/t790 emerges as the major clone","volume":"11","author":"Goudarzi M.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Goudarzi M., , Goudarzi H., , Figueiredo A.M.S., , Udo E.E., , Fazeli M., , Asadzadeh M., , and Seyedjavadi S.S.. 2016. 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Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1086\/520663","article-title":"Mupirocin resistance in patients colonized with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a surgical intensive care unit","volume":"45","author":"Jones J.C.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jones J.C., , Rogers T.J., , Brookmeyer P., , Dunne W.M.Jr., , Storch G.A., , Coopersmith C.M., , Fraser V.J., , and Warren D.K.. 2007. Mupirocin resistance in patients colonized with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a surgical intensive care unit. Clin. Infect. Dis. 45:541\u2013547.","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/605495"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","first-page":"1714","volume-title":"J. Antimicrob. 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